The metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk in Cushing's syndrome.

Cushing's syndrome (CS) is characterized by a series of systemic complications that increase cardiovascular risk and cause severe atherosclerotic damage that develops in parallel with an acquired metabolic syndrome. Short-term remission from hypercortisolism improves metabolic and vascular damages, but long-term remission from CS seems to be associated with similar or worse metabolic and vascular damage, probably because of persistent abdominal obesity or insulin resistance years after normalization of cortisol secretion. Study results suggest that an increased cardiovascular risk also may persist in patients who undergo treatment with exogenous glucocorticoids after therapy withdrawal. Considering the many patients subjected to corticosteroid treatment, this could be of great clinical relevance and should be investigated thoroughly.