Hirose Sakiko, Kawahigashi Hiroyuki, Ozawa Kenjirou, Shiota Noriaki, Inui Hideyuki, Ohkawa Hideo, Ohkawa Yasunobu
Plant Biotechnology Department, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.
J Agric Food Chem. 2005 May 4;53(9):3461-7. doi: 10.1021/jf050064z.
The human gene for CYP2B6, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that inactivates xenobiotic chemicals, was introduced into Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. At germination, R(1) seeds of transgenic rice plants expressing CYP2B6 (CYP2B6 rice) showed a high tolerance to 5 microM metolachlor, a preemergence herbicide that is degraded by CYP2B6. Thin-layer chromatography after culture with (14)C-labeled metolachlor revealed that the amounts of residual metolachlor decreased in plant tissues and the medium of CYP2B6 rice faster than those of untransformed Nipponbare. CYP2B6 rice plants were able to grow in the presence of 13 out of 17 herbicides: five chloroacetamides and mefenacet, pyributicarb, amiprofos-methyl, trifluralin, pendimethalin, norflurazon, and chlorotoluron. These herbicides differ in their modes of action and chemical structures. Transgenic rice expressing a xenobiotic-degrading human CYP2B6, which has broad substrate specificity, should be good not only for developing herbicide tolerant rice but also for reducing the environmental impact of agrochemicals.
细胞色素P450单加氧酶CYP2B6可使外源性化学物质失活，其人类基因通过农杆菌介导的转化被导入水稻品种日本晴。在萌发时，表达CYP2B6的转基因水稻植株（CYP2B6水稻）的R(1)种子对5微摩尔甲草胺表现出高耐受性，甲草胺是一种芽前除草剂，可被CYP2B6降解。用(14)C标记的甲草胺培养后的薄层色谱显示，CYP2B6水稻植物组织和培养基中甲草胺的残留量比未转化的日本晴下降得更快。CYP2B6水稻植株能够在17种除草剂中的13种存在的情况下生长：五种氯乙酰胺、苯噻酰草胺、吡草酮、胺丙畏、氟乐灵、二甲戊灵、氟草敏和绿麦隆。这些除草剂的作用方式和化学结构各不相同。表达具有广泛底物特异性的可降解外源性物质的人类CYP2B6的转基因水稻不仅有利于培育耐除草剂水稻，还能减少农用化学品对环境的影响。
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