Kawahigashi Hiroyuki, Hirose Sakiko, Ohkawa Hideo, Ohkawa Yasunobu
National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan.
J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol. 2008;15(2-3):212-9. doi: 10.1159/000121332. Epub 2008 Jul 28.
Phytoremediation is the use of plants to remove xenobiotic compounds from the environment. Plants have the inherent ability to detoxify xenobiotic pollutants, but they are generally poor at degrading them. The introduction of genes involved in xenobiotic degradation is aimed at enhancing plants' potential further. Rice (Oryza sativa) is a good candidate for this purpose and has been transformed with genes encoding cytochrome P450 monooxygenases CYP1A1, CYP2B6, and CYP2C19. The transgenic plants were more tolerant to various herbicides than nontransgenic Nipponbare rice plants, owing to enhanced metabolism by the introduced P450 enzymes. Transgenic plants were able to remove atrazine and metolachlor from soil. Field testing and risk assessment are very important for developing transgenic plants for phytoremediation. Transgenic rice plants should become useful as herbicide-tolerant crops and for phytoremediation of xenobiotic pollutants in future.
植物修复是指利用植物从环境中去除外源化合物。植物具有对外源污染物进行解毒的内在能力，但它们通常在降解这些污染物方面表现不佳。引入参与外源化合物降解的基因旨在进一步增强植物的潜力。水稻（Oryza sativa）是实现这一目的的良好候选植物，并且已被导入编码细胞色素P450单加氧酶CYP1A1、CYP2B6和CYP2C19的基因。由于导入的P450酶增强了代谢作用，转基因植物比非转基因日本晴水稻植株对各种除草剂具有更高的耐受性。转基因植物能够从土壤中去除阿特拉津和异丙甲草胺。田间试验和风险评估对于开发用于植物修复的转基因植物非常重要。转基因水稻植株未来应会成为耐除草剂作物并用于外源污染物的植物修复。
