Beecher Valerie, Paquet Victor
Department of Industrial Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-2060, USA.
Appl Ergon. 2005 May;36(3):363-72. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2004.10.014.
Universal design is a process intended to include all user groups in product or environmental design. The objective of this study was to develop a usability testing survey instrument to inform how well consumer products complied with established principles of universal design. Thirty-six adults, aging adults and adult wheelchair users performed standardized tasks with pens, food storage containers, pliers and calculators, and for each task responded to a preliminary set of survey items and rated task difficulty. Factor analysis of the survey responses produced an eleven-factor solution that accounted for 67% of the variance in scores and corresponded fairly closely to the principles of universal design. Analysis of scale scores developed from each factor showed that some of the scales were sensitive to product feature and user group differences, and were negatively associated with perceived task difficulty. Such a tool may aid designers who intend their products for user groups of diverse abilities and preferences.
通用设计是一种旨在将所有用户群体纳入产品或环境设计的过程。本研究的目的是开发一种可用性测试调查问卷工具，以了解消费品在多大程度上符合既定的通用设计原则。三十六名成年人、老年人和成年轮椅使用者使用钢笔、食品储存容器、钳子和计算器执行标准化任务，并针对每项任务回答一组初步调查问卷项目并对任务难度进行评分。对调查回复进行因子分析得出了一个十一因子解决方案，该方案解释了分数方差的67%，并且与通用设计原则相当接近。对从每个因子得出的量表分数进行分析表明，其中一些量表对产品特征和用户群体差异敏感，并且与感知到的任务难度呈负相关。这样一种工具可能会帮助那些为具有不同能力和偏好的用户群体设计产品的设计师。
