D'Annibale Alessandro, Ricci Marika, Leonardi Vanessa, Quaratino Daniele, Mincione Enrico, Petruccioli Maurizio
Dipartimento di Agrobiologia e Agrochimica, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Via S. C. De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
Biotechnol Bioeng. 2005 Jun 20;90(6):723-31. doi: 10.1002/bit.20461.
Phanerochaete chrysosporium NRRL 6361 and Pleurotus pulmonarius CBS 664.97 were tested for their ability to grow under nonsterile conditions and to degrade various aromatic hydrocarbons in an aged contaminated soil that also contained high concentrations of heavy metals. After 24 days fungal incubation, carbon-CO2 liberated, an indicator of microbial activity, reached a plateau. At the end of the incubation time (30 days), fungal colonization was clearly visible and was confirmed by ergosterol and cell organic carbon determinations. In spite of unfavorable pH (around 7.4) and the presence of heavy metals, both fungi produced Mn-peroxidase activity. In contrast, laccase and aryl-alcohol oxidase were detected only in the soil treated with P. pulmonarius CBS 664.97 and lignin-peroxidase in that with P. chrysosporium NRRL 6361. No lignin-modifying enzyme activities were present in non-inoculated soil incubated for 30 days (control microcosm). Regardless of the fungus employed, a total removal of naphtalene, tetrachlorobenzene, and dichloroaniline isomers, diphenylether and N-phenyl-1-naphtalenamine, was observed. Significant release of chloride ions was also observed in fungal-treated soil, in comparison with that recorded in the control microcosm. Both fungi led to a significant decrease in soil toxicity, as assessed using two different soil contact assays, including the Lepidium sativum L. germination test and the Collembola mortality test.
对黄孢原毛平革菌NRRL 6361和肺形侧耳CBS 664.97进行了测试，以考察它们在非无菌条件下生长的能力以及在含有高浓度重金属的老化污染土壤中降解各种芳香烃的能力。真菌培养24天后，作为微生物活性指标的释放的碳 - CO₂达到平稳状态。在培养期结束时（30天），真菌定殖清晰可见，并通过麦角甾醇和细胞有机碳测定得到证实。尽管pH值不利（约7.4）且存在重金属，但两种真菌均产生了锰过氧化物酶活性。相比之下，仅在经肺形侧耳CBS 664.97处理的土壤中检测到漆酶和芳醇氧化酶，在经黄孢原毛平革菌NRRL 6361处理的土壤中检测到木质素过氧化物酶。在培养30天的未接种土壤（对照微宇宙）中未检测到木质素修饰酶活性。无论使用哪种真菌，均观察到萘、四氯苯和二氯苯胺异构体、二苯醚和N - 苯基 - 1 - 萘胺被完全去除。与对照微宇宙中记录的情况相比，在真菌处理的土壤中还观察到氯离子的显著释放。使用两种不同的土壤接触试验（包括萝卜发芽试验和跳虫死亡率试验）评估发现，两种真菌均导致土壤毒性显著降低。
