Tuohimaa P, Golovko O, Kalueff A, Nazarova N, Qiao S, Syvälä H, Talonpoika R, Lou Y-R
Medical School, University of Tampere, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital, 33014 Turku, Finland.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2005 Feb;93(2-5):183-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2004.12.009. Epub 2005 Jan 22.
Epidemiological studies suggest that serum calcidiol (25(OH)-Vitamin D3) seems to be associated with several cancers including prostate cancer. We have made several experimental studies in order to clarify the mechanism(s) involved in the association. Calcidiol has been regarded as an inactive prohormone for calcitriol, which possesses the highest biological activity of the Vitamin D metabolites, when it is evaluated on the basis of bioactivity/nmol. However, we found recently that at the physiological concentration calcidiol (100-200 nM) is an active hormone, whereas calcitriol (1alpha,25(OH)2-Vitamin D3) (100 pM) is inactive in human primary prostate stromal cells. Calcidiol is able to inhibit cell growth and to induce or inhibit several genes including 1alpha-hydroxylase and 24-hydroxylase genes. This suggests that calcidiol might be an independent endocrine system involved in the control of cell differentiation and proliferation, whereas calcitriol might be mainly involved in the regulation of calcium and phosphorous balance. Several mechanisms may mediate the action of Vitamin D in the prostate. This is a review of some recent studies on the role of (1) Vitamin D metabolism, (2) growth factors and (3) fatty acid metabolism.
流行病学研究表明，血清骨化二醇（25(OH)-维生素D3）似乎与包括前列腺癌在内的多种癌症有关。我们进行了多项实验研究，以阐明其中涉及的机制。骨化二醇一直被视为骨化三醇的无活性前体激素，就生物活性/纳摩尔而言，骨化三醇是维生素D代谢产物中生物活性最高的。然而，我们最近发现，在生理浓度下，骨化二醇（100 - 200 nM）是一种活性激素，而骨化三醇（1α,25(OH)2-维生素D3）（100 pM）在人原发性前列腺基质细胞中无活性。骨化二醇能够抑制细胞生长，并诱导或抑制包括1α-羟化酶和24-羟化酶基因在内的多种基因。这表明骨化二醇可能是参与细胞分化和增殖控制的独立内分泌系统，而骨化三醇可能主要参与钙和磷平衡的调节。多种机制可能介导维生素D在前列腺中的作用。本文综述了近期关于（1）维生素D代谢、（2）生长因子和（3）脂肪酸代谢作用的一些研究。
