Jacoby Larry L, Bishara Anthony J, Hessels Sandra, Toth Jeffrey P
Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
J Exp Psychol Gen. 2005 May;134(2):131-48. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.134.2.131.
Recent research suggests that older adults are more susceptible to interference effects than are young adults; however, that research has failed to equate differences in original learning. In 4 experiments, the authors show that older adults are more susceptible to interference effects produced by a misleading prime. Even when original learning was equated, older adults were 10 times as likely to falsely remember misleading information and were much less likely to increase their accuracy by opting not to answer under conditions of free responding. The results are well described by a multinomial model that postulates multiple modes of cognitive control. According to that model, older adults are likely to be captured by misleading information, a form of goal neglect or deficit in inhibitory functions.
近期研究表明，与年轻人相比，老年人更容易受到干扰效应的影响；然而，该研究未能使初始学习中的差异相等。在4项实验中，作者表明老年人更容易受到误导性启动刺激产生的干扰效应的影响。即使初始学习相等，老年人错误记忆误导性信息的可能性也是年轻人的10倍，并且在自由回答条件下，他们通过选择不回答来提高准确性的可能性要小得多。多项模型很好地描述了这些结果，该模型假设了多种认知控制模式。根据该模型，老年人可能会被误导性信息所俘获，这是一种目标忽视或抑制功能缺陷的形式。
