Berntsen Dorthe, Thomsen Dorthe K
Department of Psychology, University of Aarhus, Denmark.
J Exp Psychol Gen. 2005 May;134(2):242-57. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.134.2.242.
One hundred forty-five Danes between 72 and 89 years of age were asked for their memories of their reception of the news of the Danish occupation (April 1940) and liberation (May 1945) and for their most negative and most positive personal memories from World War II. Almost all reported memories for the invasion and liberation. Their answers to factual questions (e.g., the weather) were corroborated against objective records and compared with answers from a younger control group. The older participants were far more accurate than what could be predicted on the basis of results from test-retest studies using short delays. The "permastore" metaphor (Bahrick, 1984) provides a possible interpretation of this discrepancy. Participants with reported ties to the resistance movement had more vivid, detailed, and accurate memories than did participants without such ties. Ratings of surprise and consequentiality were unrelated to the accuracy and clarity of the memories.
145名年龄在72岁至89岁之间的丹麦人被问及他们对丹麦被占领（1940年4月）和解放（1945年5月）消息的记忆，以及他们在第二次世界大战中最负面和最正面的个人记忆。几乎所有人都报告了对入侵和解放的记忆。他们对事实性问题（如天气）的回答与客观记录进行了核对，并与一个较年轻的对照组的回答进行了比较。老年参与者的回答比基于短期延迟的重测研究结果所预测的要准确得多。“永久记忆库”隐喻（巴赫里克，1984年）为这种差异提供了一种可能的解释。与抵抗运动有联系的参与者比没有这种联系的参与者有更生动、更详细和更准确的记忆。惊讶程度和重要性的评分与记忆的准确性和清晰度无关。
