Van Overschelde James P, Rawson Katherine A, Dunlosky John, Hunt R Reed
Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Psychol Sci. 2005 May;16(5):358-61. doi: 10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.01540.x.
Research on skilled memory has focused on organizational processes to the exclusion of item-specific processes, although theories of skilled memory do acknowledge the importance of both kinds of processes. Using the isolation methodology, we presented lists of American football team names to participants who had either a high or a low level of knowledge about American football. An isolation effect (greater recall of the target in the isolate list than in a homogeneous control list) was observed only with high-knowledge participants. When standard lists were used, an isolation effect was observed with both groups. These findings empirically validate the importance of both organizational and item-specific processing as the basis of distinctive processing underlying skilled memory performance.
对熟练记忆的研究一直聚焦于组织过程，而忽略了特定项目的过程，尽管熟练记忆理论确实承认这两种过程的重要性。我们采用分离法，向对美式橄榄球了解程度高或低的参与者呈现美式橄榄球队名列表。仅在知识丰富的参与者中观察到了分离效应（与同质控制列表相比，分离列表中目标的回忆率更高）。当使用标准列表时，两组都观察到了分离效应。这些发现从实证角度验证了组织加工和特定项目加工作为熟练记忆表现基础的独特加工的重要性。
