Soederberg Miller Lisa M
Department of Human and Community Development, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Psychol Aging. 2009 Mar;24(1):63-74. doi: 10.1037/a0014586.
In the present study, the author investigated age differences in the effects of knowledge on the efficiency with which information is processed while reading. Individuals between 18 and 85 years of age, with varying levels of cooking knowledge, read and recalled a series of short passages within the domain of cooking. Reading efficiency was operationalized as time spent reading divided by the amount recalled for each passage. Results showed that reading efficiency increased with increasing levels of knowledge among older but not younger adults. Similarly, those with smaller working memory capacities showed increasing efficiency with increasing knowledge. These findings suggest that knowledge promotes a more efficient allocation policy that is particularly helpful in later life, perhaps due to age-related declines in working memory capacity.
在本研究中，作者调查了知识对阅读时信息处理效率的影响的年龄差异。年龄在18至85岁之间、烹饪知识水平各异的个体阅读并回忆了一系列烹饪领域的短文。阅读效率通过阅读花费的时间除以每篇文章回忆的内容量来衡量。结果表明，在老年人而非年轻人中，阅读效率随着知识水平的提高而增加。同样，工作记忆容量较小的人随着知识的增加也表现出效率提高。这些发现表明，知识促进了一种更有效的分配策略，这在晚年尤其有帮助，可能是由于与年龄相关的工作记忆容量下降。
