Tsumaki Noriyuki, Yoshikawa Hideki
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2005 Jun;16(3):279-85. doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2005.04.001.
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) were originally identified as proteins capable of inducing endochondral bone formation when implanted at extraskeletal sites. BMPs have diverse biological activities during early embryogenesis and various aspects of organogenesis. BMPs bind to BMP receptors on the cell surface, and these signals are transduced intracellularly by Smad proteins. BMP signal pathways can be inhibited by both extra- and intracellular mechanisms. As for skeletal development, genetic studies suggest that BMPs are skeletal mesoderm inducers. Recent studies of tissue-specific activation and inactivation of BMP signals have revealed that BMP signals control proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes, differentiation of osteoblasts and bone quality. These findings may contribute not only to understanding of bone biology and pathology, but also to improvement of the clinical efficacy of BMPs.
骨形态发生蛋白（BMPs）最初被鉴定为当植入到骨骼外部位时能够诱导软骨内骨形成的蛋白质。BMPs在早期胚胎发育和器官形成的各个方面具有多种生物学活性。BMPs与细胞表面的BMP受体结合，这些信号通过Smad蛋白在细胞内进行转导。BMP信号通路可被细胞外和细胞内机制所抑制。至于骨骼发育，遗传学研究表明BMPs是骨骼中胚层诱导因子。最近对BMP信号的组织特异性激活和失活的研究表明，BMP信号控制软骨细胞的增殖和分化、成骨细胞的分化以及骨质量。这些发现不仅可能有助于理解骨生物学和病理学，还可能有助于提高BMPs的临床疗效。
