Gipson Reginald, El Mohandes Ayman, Campbell Oona, Issa Adel Hakim, Matta Nahed, Mansour Esmat
John Snow Inc., Cairo, Egypt.
Matern Child Health J. 2005 Mar;9(1):71-82. doi: 10.1007/s10995-005-3348-1.
To review factors contributing to a 52% drop in Egypt's maternal mortality ratio (MMR) per 100,000 live births from 174 in 1992-93 to 84 in 2000.
Data on maternal mortality were collected from all 27 governorates in Egypt between 1 January and 31 December 2000. This round of maternal mortality data is compared with the earlier nation wide maternal mortality study in 1992. Health care interventions that may account for the decrease were reviewed.
MMR decreased by 51.7% nation wide. This decrease was greater in the less-developed parts of Upper Egypt (59%), than in Lower Egypt (30%). A multifaceted set of interventions were concentrated in Upper Egypt. The greatest decrease in maternal mortality was associated with the area of highest intervention, greatest need, and during the time period of the implementation of this program. There were increases in use of health services; use of modern contraceptives; hospital deliveries; and use of trained birth attendants. For most indicators, the changes were greater in Upper than Lower Egypt.
Since 1992-93, efforts by the Government of Egypt and donors to improve access to and the quality and utilization of services can be linked to a greatly reduced MMR.
回顾促使埃及每10万例活产儿的孕产妇死亡率（MMR）从1992 - 1993年的174降至2000年的84（降幅达52%）的相关因素。
收集了2000年1月1日至12月31日期间埃及所有27个省的孕产妇死亡数据。将这一轮孕产妇死亡数据与1992年早期的全国孕产妇死亡研究进行比较。对可能导致死亡率下降的医疗保健干预措施进行了回顾。
全国范围内MMR下降了51.7%。上埃及较不发达地区的降幅（59%）大于下埃及（30%）。一系列多方面的干预措施集中在上埃及。孕产妇死亡率下降幅度最大的情况与干预力度最大、需求最大的地区以及该项目实施期间相关。卫生服务的使用、现代避孕药具的使用、医院分娩以及受过培训的助产人员的使用均有所增加。对于大多数指标而言，上埃及的变化大于下埃及。
自1992 - 1993年以来，埃及政府和捐助方为改善服务的可及性、质量和利用率所做的努力与MMR大幅下降有关。
