McCarraher Donna R, Bailey Patricia E, Martin Sandra L
Family Health International, 2224 E NC 54 Durham, North Carolina 27709, USA.
Matern Child Health J. 2005 Mar;9(1):101-12. doi: 10.1007/s10995-005-2453-5.
The main objectives were to estimate the prevalence of predicted and unpredicted last births using a prospective approach and to estimate the prevalence of violence during the last pregnancy. In addition, the relationship between birth predictedness and violence during pregnancy was examined.
The target population for this study was women who had participated in the 1994 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and lived in El Alto and La Paz Bolivia (n = 1308). In 1997, 816 women were located and re-interviewed. During this three-year interval, 127/816 women had given birth to their last child.
Of the last births that occurred during the three-year interval, 82% were unpredicted (18% were to women who stated in 1994 that they wanted to postpone childbirth for more than three years and 64% were to women who stated they wanted to wanted to forego childbearing entirely). Twenty-eight percent of women reported that they had experienced violence during their last pregnancy. No statistically significant relationship was found between birth predictedness and violence during their pregnancy.
The majority of births that occurred in the three-year study interval were unpredicted. The prevalence of violence during pregnancy was alarmingly high among this sample of women. Further investigation on violence during pregnancy is needed and should be expanded to examine how violence during pregnancy impacts maternal and infant outcomes, which have remained poor in this country. In addition, the high rates of unpredicted births illustrate that work remains to be done in addressing women's ability to control their fertility.
主要目的是采用前瞻性方法估计预测和未预测的末次分娩的发生率，并估计末次孕期暴力行为的发生率。此外，还研究了分娩预测性与孕期暴力行为之间的关系。
本研究的目标人群是参加了1994年人口与健康调查（DHS）且居住在玻利维亚埃尔阿尔托和拉巴斯的妇女（n = 1308）。1997年，找到了816名妇女并对她们进行了重新访谈。在这三年期间，816名妇女中有127名生育了她们的最后一个孩子。
在这三年期间发生的末次分娩中，82%是未预测到的（18%是1994年表示想推迟生育三年以上的妇女，64%是表示想完全放弃生育的妇女）。28%的妇女报告说她们在末次孕期遭受过暴力。在分娩预测性与孕期暴力行为之间未发现统计学上的显著关系。
在为期三年的研究期间发生的大多数分娩是未预测到的。在这个妇女样本中，孕期暴力行为的发生率高得惊人。需要对孕期暴力行为进行进一步调查，并应扩大调查范围，以研究孕期暴力行为如何影响母婴结局，而该国的母婴结局一直很差。此外，未预测到的分娩率很高，这说明在解决妇女控制生育能力方面仍有工作要做。
