Lyngberg A C, Rasmussen B K, Jørgensen T, Jensen R
Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark.
Am J Epidemiol. 2005 Jun 1;161(11):1066-73. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwi139.
The incidence of migraine in a general population has been assessed in few longitudinal studies, and the incidence of tension-type headache has never been assessed. The authors aimed to assess the incidence of migraine and tension-type headache in Denmark by conducting a 12-year follow-up study of a general population (1989-2001). The design and methods of follow-up replicated the baseline study exactly, including use of the International Headache Society's diagnostic criteria and administration of headache diagnostic interviews by a physician. Of 740 persons aged 25-64 years examined in 1989, 673 were eligible in 2001 and 549 (81.6%) participated. The incidence of migraine was 8.1 per 1,000 person-years (male:female ratio, 1:6), and the incidence of frequent tension-type headache was 14.2 per 1,000 person-years (male:female ratio, 1:3). Both rates decreased with age. The incidence of migraine was higher than that previously calculated from cross-sectional studies. Risk factors for migraine were familial disposition, no vocational education, a high work load, and frequent tension-type headache. For tension-type headache, risk factors were poor self-rated health, inability to relax after work, and sleeping few hours per night. The gender difference for tension-type headache differed from that for migraine, and no association with educational level was observed.
在普通人群中偏头痛的发病率仅在少数纵向研究中得到评估，而紧张型头痛的发病率从未被评估过。作者旨在通过对普通人群进行为期12年的随访研究（1989 - 2001年）来评估丹麦偏头痛和紧张型头痛的发病率。随访的设计和方法完全重复了基线研究，包括使用国际头痛协会的诊断标准以及由医生进行头痛诊断访谈。在1989年接受检查的740名25 - 64岁的人中，2001年有673人符合条件，549人（81.6%）参与了研究。偏头痛的发病率为每1000人年8.1例（男女比例为1:6），频繁发作的紧张型头痛的发病率为每1000人年14.2例（男女比例为1:3）。这两种发病率均随年龄增长而下降。偏头痛的发病率高于先前横断面研究计算得出的发病率。偏头痛的危险因素包括家族倾向、未接受职业教育、工作负荷高以及频繁发作的紧张型头痛。对于紧张型头痛，危险因素包括自我评估健康状况差、下班后无法放松以及每晚睡眠时间少。紧张型头痛的性别差异与偏头痛不同，且未观察到与教育水平的关联。
