Modell J G, Glaser F B, Cyr L, Mountz J M
Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294-0018.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1992 Apr;16(2):272-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1992.tb01375.x.
The purpose of this study was to quantify the extent to which subjective ratings of craving for alcohol in the alcohol-abusing or dependent person (herein, alcoholic) correlate with measurable and specific characteristics of obsessions and compulsions. The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale modified to reflect obsessionality and compulsivity specifically related to heavy drinking (Y-BOCS-hd) was used for this purpose. Highly significant correlations were found in the alcoholic population (n = 62) between subjectively rated craving for alcoholic beverages and several of the Y-BOCS-hd questions regarding alcohol-related thoughts and drinking behavior. Additionally, mean craving scores were considerably greater in the alcoholic population than in the matched control population (n = 62). The data suggest that craving shares specific features in common with the obsessions of obsessive-compulsive disorder and that the existence of craving is dependent on the presence of obsessive thoughts about drinking. Positive correlations between craving and measures of compulsive drinking behavior also were found; compulsive drinking behavior, however, may reflect the consequences of craving rather than a fundamental characteristic of craving itself. The data show that despite difficulties in defining the term craving, it is clearly a phenomenon that is experienced or endorsed by most alcoholic subjects and is not by most persons who do not abuse alcohol.
本研究的目的是量化酗酒或酒精依赖者（以下简称酗酒者）对酒精渴望的主观评分与强迫观念和强迫行为的可测量特定特征之间的关联程度。为此使用了经修改以反映与大量饮酒具体相关的强迫观念和强迫行为的耶鲁-布朗强迫量表（Y-BOCS-hd）。在酗酒人群（n = 62）中，对酒精饮料渴望的主观评分与Y-BOCS-hd中几个关于与酒精相关的想法和饮酒行为的问题之间发现了高度显著的相关性。此外，酗酒人群的平均渴望得分比匹配的对照人群（n = 62）高得多。数据表明，渴望与强迫症的强迫观念具有共同的特定特征，并且渴望的存在取决于对饮酒的强迫观念的存在。还发现渴望与强迫性饮酒行为的测量之间存在正相关；然而，强迫性饮酒行为可能反映的是渴望的后果，而不是渴望本身的基本特征。数据表明，尽管难以定义“渴望”一词，但它显然是大多数酗酒者经历或认可的一种现象，而大多数不酗酒的人则没有这种现象。
