Ohki-Hamazaki Hiroko, Iwabuchi Maiko, Maekawa Fumihiko
Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Science and Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Int J Dev Biol. 2005;49(2-3):293-300. doi: 10.1387/ijdb.041954ho.
Amphibian bombesin and its related peptides consist a family of neuropeptides in many vertebrate species. Bombesin and two major bombesin-like peptide in mammals, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and neuromedin B (NMB), have been shown to elicit various physiological effects. These include inhibition of feeding, smooth muscle contraction, exocrine and endocrine secretions, thermoregulation, blood pressure and sucrose regulations and cell growth. Receptors for GRP and NMB (GRP-R and NMB-R), as well as third subtype of bombesin-like peptide receptor (BRS-3) have been cloned. These receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors and are expressed in various brain regions and in the digestive tract. In this paper, we will summarize studies on these peptides and their receptors, with special reference to research using gene-knockout mice. These studies clearly demonstrated the role of three receptors in vivo and in vitro. We will also discuss the phylogeny of these receptors.
两栖类蛙皮素及其相关肽在许多脊椎动物物种中构成一个神经肽家族。蛙皮素以及哺乳动物中的两种主要蛙皮素样肽，即胃泌素释放肽（GRP）和神经介素B（NMB），已被证明能引发多种生理效应。这些效应包括抑制进食、平滑肌收缩、外分泌和内分泌分泌、体温调节、血压和蔗糖调节以及细胞生长。GRP和NMB的受体（GRP-R和NMB-R）以及蛙皮素样肽受体的第三种亚型（BRS-3）已被克隆。这些受体是G蛋白偶联受体，在各种脑区和消化道中表达。在本文中，我们将总结关于这些肽及其受体的研究，特别参考使用基因敲除小鼠的研究。这些研究清楚地证明了这三种受体在体内和体外的作用。我们还将讨论这些受体的系统发育。
