Page Gayle G
School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
J Pain Symptom Manage. 2005 May;29(5 Suppl):S25-31. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2005.01.006.
Opioids are acknowledged to suppress immune functions following both acute and chronic administration; however, there appear to be differences according to the schedule of administration as well as the state of the organism. For example, whereas a single dose of morphine in the absence of pain is well known to be immune suppressive, the biologic consequences of this suppression are largely unknown. Repeated and chronic opioid ingestion in the absence of pain appears to result in significant consequences including high infectious disease prevalence. On the other hand, in the presence of acute pain, there is evidence that opioid administration in analgesic doses is protective. Much less is known regarding the immune and disease implications related to chronic opioid treatment for chronic pain states.
阿片类药物被认为在急性和慢性给药后都会抑制免疫功能；然而，根据给药方案以及机体状态似乎存在差异。例如，在没有疼痛的情况下，单剂量吗啡众所周知具有免疫抑制作用，但其抑制作用的生物学后果在很大程度上尚不清楚。在没有疼痛的情况下反复长期摄入阿片类药物似乎会导致严重后果，包括传染病高发。另一方面，在存在急性疼痛的情况下，有证据表明给予镇痛剂量的阿片类药物具有保护作用。关于慢性阿片类药物治疗慢性疼痛状态对免疫和疾病的影响，人们了解得要少得多。
