Ptok M
Klinik und Poliklinik für Phoniatrie und Pädaudiologie, MHH-Hannover.
HNO. 2005 Nov;53(11):978-82. doi: 10.1007/s00106-005-1267-5.
When a child's language development does not follow the normal developmental course for no known reasons specific language impairment (SLI) is diagnosed. In contrast, pragmatic language impairment (PLI) refers to children who experience significant difficulties with the use of language. Clinical accounts of PLI have suggested that unlike children with more typical SLI, children with PLI have adequate syntax and phonology and are often verbally fluent. However, they may exhibit a range of linguistic and communicative deficits such as comprehension deficits for connected speech, conversational inadequacies, poor turn-taking, atypical word choices, literal interpretation of figurative language, and poor topic maintenance. There also may be fundamental deficits in social cognition, such as appreciating the thoughts and feelings of others. PLI may be found in SLI children, children with learning disabilities, autism and traumatic brain injuries. Here we review aspects of pragmatic communication skills, the development of emotion recognition, and diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Otolaryngologists have to be aware of PLI in case children with communication problems are referred to them. This may enable a timely diagnosis and early intervention.
当儿童的语言发展在没有已知特定原因的情况下未遵循正常发展进程时，就会被诊断为特定语言障碍（SLI）。相比之下，语用语言障碍（PLI）是指在语言运用方面存在重大困难的儿童。关于PLI的临床报告表明，与患有更典型SLI的儿童不同，患有PLI的儿童具有足够的句法和语音能力，并且通常语言表达流畅。然而，他们可能表现出一系列语言和沟通缺陷，例如对连贯言语的理解缺陷、对话能力不足、轮流发言不佳、用词不恰当、对比喻性语言的字面理解以及话题维持能力差。在社会认知方面也可能存在根本缺陷，例如无法理解他人的想法和感受。PLI可能出现在患有SLI的儿童、学习障碍儿童、自闭症儿童和创伤性脑损伤儿童中。在此，我们回顾语用沟通技巧、情绪识别发展以及诊断和治疗程序等方面。耳鼻喉科医生在遇到有沟通问题的儿童前来就诊时，必须意识到PLI的存在。这可能有助于及时诊断和早期干预。
