Grgić Ozren, Matijević Ratko
Klinika za ginekologiju i porodnistvo, Opća bolnica Sveti Duh, Zagreb, Hrvatska, Croatia.
Acta Med Croatica. 2005;59(2):129-35.
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is one of the biggest problems in modern obstetrics. The incidence of RDS is 1%-2%. RDS is a condition of insufficient surfactant production. Surfactant is a complex molecule which is responsible for maturation of fetal lungs. The most important factor for insufficient surfactant production and pulmonary immaturity is shortening of gestation, i.e. preterm delivery. Antenatal corticosteroids for maturation of fetal lungs are in use for over thirty years. Corticosteroids decrease the incidence and intensity of RDS, the severity of intracerebral hemorrhage, and overall neonatal morbidity and mortality. The mechanism of corticosteroid action is probably induction of fetal pulmonary enzyme complex that is responsible for adequate surfactant production and regulation of pulmonary interstitial fluids. In this literature review, we analyze long- and short-term benefits and risks of single and multiple antenatal corticosteroid administration.
新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征（RDS）是现代产科学中最大的问题之一。RDS的发病率为1%-2%。RDS是一种表面活性剂产生不足的病症。表面活性剂是一种负责胎儿肺成熟的复杂分子。表面活性剂产生不足和肺不成熟的最重要因素是妊娠期缩短，即早产。用于促进胎儿肺成熟的产前皮质类固醇已使用三十多年。皮质类固醇可降低RDS的发病率和严重程度、脑出血的严重程度以及新生儿的总体发病率和死亡率。皮质类固醇的作用机制可能是诱导负责产生足够表面活性剂和调节肺间质液的胎儿肺酶复合物。在这篇文献综述中，我们分析了单次和多次产前使用皮质类固醇的长期和短期益处及风险。
