Armstrong T T, Fitzjohn R G, Newstrom L E, Wilton A D, Lee W G
Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Private Bag 92 170, Auckland, New Zealand.
Mol Ecol. 2005 Jun;14(7):2111-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02572.x.
To date, regional surveys assessing the risk of transgene escape from GM crops have focused on records of spontaneous hybridization to infer the likelihood of crop transgene escape. However, reliable observations of spontaneous hybridization are lacking for most floras, particularly outside Europe. Here, we argue that evidence of interspecific reproductive compatibility derived from experimental crosses is an important component of risk assessment, and a useful first step especially where data from field observations are unavailable. We used this approach to assess the potential for transgene escape via hybridization for 123 widely grown temperate crops and their indigenous and naturalized relatives present in the New Zealand flora. We found that 66 crops (54%) are reproductively compatible with at least one other indigenous or naturalized species in the flora. Limited reproductive compatibility with wild relatives was evident for a further 12 crops (10%). Twenty-five crops (20%) were found to be reproductively isolated from all their wild relatives in New Zealand. For the remaining 20 crops (16%), insufficient information was available to determine levels of reproductive compatibility with wild relatives. Our approach may be useful in other regions where spontaneous crop-wild hybridization has yet to be well documented.
迄今为止，评估转基因作物中外源基因逃逸风险的区域调查主要聚焦于自发杂交记录，以此推断作物中外源基因逃逸的可能性。然而，对于大多数植物区系而言，尤其是欧洲以外的地区，缺乏关于自发杂交的可靠观测数据。在此，我们认为，通过实验杂交获得的种间生殖相容性证据是风险评估的重要组成部分，特别是在无法获取实地观测数据的情况下，这是一个有用的第一步。我们采用这种方法评估了新西兰植物区系中123种广泛种植的温带作物及其本土和归化近缘种通过杂交导致外源基因逃逸的可能性。我们发现，66种作物（54%）与该植物区系中至少一种其他本土或归化物种存在生殖相容性。另有12种作物（10%）与野生近缘种的生殖相容性有限。在新西兰，发现有25种作物（20%）与所有野生近缘种存在生殖隔离。对于其余20种作物（16%），没有足够的信息来确定其与野生近缘种的生殖相容水平。我们的方法可能在其他尚未充分记录作物与野生种自发杂交情况的地区有用。
