Petersen J, Hölmich P
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amager University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Br J Sports Med. 2005 Jun;39(6):319-23. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2005.018549.
A common soft tissue injury in sports involving sprinting and jumping is the hamstring strain. A major problem with hamstring strains is the high incidence of reinjury. Muscle injuries can be classified as direct or indirect and are typically grouped into three categories according to severity. A number of potential risk factors have been proposed for hamstring strains. Only a few are evidence based and some are mainly based on theoretical assumptions. There is a lack of clinical research on the effectiveness of rehabilitation programmes for hamstring strains. Although the initial treatment of rest, ice, compression, and elevation is accepted for muscle strains, no consensus exists for their rehabilitation. Not much evidence based research has been carried out on prevention of hamstring strain. To our knowledge only two prospective studies have so far been published. As the injuries are common in football and other sports involving sprinting and jumping, there is a need for further research preferably in the form of randomised controlled trials.
在涉及短跑和跳跃的运动中，常见的软组织损伤是腘绳肌拉伤。腘绳肌拉伤的一个主要问题是再次受伤的发生率很高。肌肉损伤可分为直接损伤或间接损伤，通常根据严重程度分为三类。对于腘绳肌拉伤，已经提出了一些潜在的风险因素。只有少数是基于证据的，有些主要基于理论假设。关于腘绳肌拉伤康复计划有效性的临床研究较少。虽然对于肌肉拉伤，休息、冰敷、加压和抬高的初始治疗方法是被认可的，但对于其康复治疗尚无共识。关于预防腘绳肌拉伤的循证研究开展得并不多。据我们所知，迄今为止仅发表了两项前瞻性研究。由于这些损伤在足球和其他涉及短跑和跳跃的运动中很常见，因此需要进一步开展研究，最好采用随机对照试验的形式。
