Arnason A, Andersen T E, Holme I, Engebretsen L, Bahr R
Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2008 Feb;18(1):40-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2006.00634.x. Epub 2007 Mar 12.
The purpose was to test the effect of eccentric strength training and flexibility training on the incidence of hamstring strains in soccer. Hamstring strains and player exposure were registered prospectively during four consecutive soccer seasons (1999-2002) for 17-30 elite soccer teams from Iceland and Norway. The first two seasons were used as baseline, while intervention programs consisting of warm-up stretching, flexibility and/or eccentric strength training were introduced during the 2001 and 2002 seasons. During the intervention seasons, 48% of the teams selected to use the intervention programs. There was no difference in the incidence of hamstring strains between teams that used the flexibility training program and those who did not [relative risk (RR)=1.53, P=0.22], nor was there a difference compared with the baseline data (RR=0.89, P=0.75). The incidence of hamstring strains was lower in teams who used the eccentric training program compared with teams that did not use the program (RR=0.43, P=0.01), as well as compared with baseline data for the same intervention teams (RR=0.42, P=0.009). Eccentric strength training with Nordic hamstring lowers combined with warm-up stretching appears to reduce the risk of hamstring strains, while no effect was detected from flexibility training alone. These results should be verified in randomized clinical trials.
目的是测试离心力量训练和柔韧性训练对足球运动员腘绳肌拉伤发生率的影响。在1999 - 2002年连续四个足球赛季中，前瞻性地记录了来自冰岛和挪威的17 - 30支精英足球队的腘绳肌拉伤情况和运动员上场时间。前两个赛季作为基线，在2001年和2002赛季引入了包括热身拉伸、柔韧性和/或离心力量训练的干预计划。在干预赛季中，48%的球队选择使用干预计划。使用柔韧性训练计划的球队与未使用该计划的球队在腘绳肌拉伤发生率上没有差异[相对风险(RR)=1.53，P = 0.22]，与基线数据相比也没有差异(RR = 0.89，P = 0.75)。与未使用离心训练计划的球队相比，使用该计划的球队腘绳肌拉伤发生率更低(RR = 0.43，P = 0.01)，与相同干预球队的基线数据相比也更低(RR = 0.42，P = 0.009)。北欧式腘绳肌离心力量训练结合热身拉伸似乎能降低腘绳肌拉伤风险，而单独的柔韧性训练未检测到效果。这些结果应在随机临床试验中得到验证。
