Sala E, Albini E, Borghesi S, Gullino A, Romano C, Apostoli P
Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale ed Applicata, Medicina del Lavoro e Igiene Industriale, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy.
G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 2005 Jan-Mar;27(1):8-20.
The existence of a risk of musculoskeletal disorders work-related of the upper extremity (UEWMSDs) in the textile industry, specifically in particular working phases as spinning, appears today controversial. The upper limb disorders, sometimes described, have not a location ever plausible with the level of the biomechanical overload, as when carpal tunnel syndromes are signalled during activities in which the shoulder is the only segment eventually interested. Moreover these findings are shown in workers appointed at tasks or actions not clearly identified at risk. For example the spinning activity, that requires the movement of shuttles of modest weight, sometimes on levels above the shoulder line, is organized with cyclical cadences sometimes as repetitive tasks concentrated in a short period, sometimes in longer during the entire shift. Distribution and number of the actions, would however allow a sufficient biomechanical recovery. The identification of the single technical action may result difficult, due to interindividual variability of actions, of their speed and complexity. Furthermore the other possible activities, alternate with specific spinning activities, can require strength or not correct posture even if they may have short duration. In this paper we present and discuss the results of the ergonomic survey for risk assessment of musculoskeletal disorders work-related of the upper limb. These analysis have been carried out in two textile plants, in which some cases of disorders of the upper limb in workers employed in spinning activities have been described by occupational health physicians. In addition to assessment of possible risk for UEWMSDs in spinning activities, we founded the capability of usual methods for ergonomic analysis to adequately examine work situations like spinning, in which the hazardous actions are diluted over the entire shift or concentrate in a short period and in which there is a specific biomechanically overloaded segment i.e. the shoulder. Finally attention was paid to evaluate psychosocial factors which appear to be important when biomechanical factors are low-lying.
纺织行业，尤其是在纺纱等特定工作阶段，是否存在与工作相关的上肢肌肉骨骼疾病风险（UEWMSDs），目前存在争议。有时所描述的上肢疾病，其发病部位与生物力学过载程度并不相符，比如在仅涉及肩部活动时却报告了腕管综合征。此外，这些发现出现在从事未明确认定有风险任务或行动的工人身上。例如，纺纱活动需要移动重量适中的梭子，有时梭子的移动高度超过肩部水平，其组织方式具有周期性节奏，有时是集中在短时间内的重复性任务，有时则贯穿整个较长的班次。然而，动作的分布和数量应能保证足够的生物力学恢复。由于个体动作、速度和复杂性存在差异，识别单个技术动作可能会很困难。此外，与特定纺纱活动交替进行的其他可能活动，即使持续时间较短，也可能需要力量或姿势不正确。在本文中，我们展示并讨论了针对上肢与工作相关的肌肉骨骼疾病风险评估的人体工程学调查结果。这些分析是在两家纺织厂进行的，职业健康医生描述了其中一些从事纺纱活动的工人出现上肢疾病的案例。除了评估纺纱活动中发生UEWMSDs的可能风险外，我们还发现常规人体工程学分析方法有能力充分检查像纺纱这样的工作情况，在这种工作中，危险动作分散在整个班次或集中在短时间内，并且存在特定的生物力学过载部位，即肩部。最后，我们关注了对心理社会因素的评估，当生物力学因素不明显时，心理社会因素似乎很重要。
