Shavers Vickie L, Lawrence Deirdre, Fagan Pebbles, Gibson James T
National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Control and Population Science, Applied Research Program, Health Service and Economics Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Prev Med. 2005 Aug;41(2):597-606. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.12.004.
Although observational research studies have shown variance in the prevalence of smoking among occupations and industries, few have examined the role of race/ethnicity. This study examined racial/ethnic variation in the prevalence of current smoking and cigarette consumption patterns by occupation, industry and workplace smoking policy.
Data were examined for 9095 African American (AA), 1025 American Indian/Alaska Native, 3463 Asian/Pacific Islander (AAPI), 8428 Hispanic, and 86,676 white participants in the 1998-1999 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey. Race-stratified multivariate logistic regression analyses, Chi-square tests, and ANOVA were used to examine the association between the covariates and smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption patterns.
Current smoking prevalence ranged from a high of 35.1% for AI/AN to 15.2% for AAPI. Occupation was not significantly associated with current smoking for Hispanics, AI/ANs, and AAPIs while neither occupation nor industry was associated with current smoking among African Americans after adjustment for gender, age group, education, income, or workplace smoking policies.
These data confirm results of previous studies that show occupation and industry variation in smoking prevalence and also highlight the importance of examining racial/ethnicity as a covariate in studies of smoking prevalence.
尽管观察性研究表明吸烟率在不同职业和行业中存在差异，但很少有研究探讨种族/民族的作用。本研究考察了按职业、行业和工作场所吸烟政策划分的当前吸烟率和卷烟消费模式中的种族/民族差异。
对1998 - 1999年《当前人口调查烟草使用补充调查》中9095名非裔美国人（AA）、1025名美国印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民、3463名亚裔/太平洋岛民（AAPI）、8428名西班牙裔和86676名白人参与者的数据进行了分析。采用种族分层的多变量逻辑回归分析、卡方检验和方差分析来检验协变量与吸烟率及卷烟消费模式之间的关联。
当前吸烟率从美国印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民的35.1%的高位到亚裔/太平洋岛民的15.2%不等。对于西班牙裔、美国印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民和亚裔/太平洋岛民，职业与当前吸烟没有显著关联；而在对性别、年龄组、教育程度、收入或工作场所吸烟政策进行调整后，非裔美国人中职业和行业均与当前吸烟无关。
这些数据证实了先前研究的结果，即吸烟率在职业和行业中存在差异，同时也凸显了在吸烟率研究中考察种族/民族作为协变量的重要性。
