Tauras John A
Department of Economics, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60607-7121, USA.
Addiction. 2007 Oct;102 Suppl 2:95-103. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01960.x.
This paper describes patterns of racial and ethnic cigarette use in the United States and discusses changes in state-level tobacco control policies. Moreover, this paper reviews the existing econometric literature on racial and ethnic smoking and discusses the limitations of that research. Finally, this paper outlines an agenda for future research.
Patterns of racial and ethnic smoking and changes in state-level tobacco control policies in the United States were obtained from a variety of sources, including surveys and government and private documents and databases. After an extensive literature search was completed, the existing research was scrutinized and recommendations for much-needed future research were put forth.
Despite the fact that certain racial and ethnic minorities bear a disproportionate share of the overall health burden of tobacco, less than a handful of econometric studies have examined the effects of state-level public policies on racial and ethnic smoking. The existing literature finds Hispanics and African Americans to be more responsive to changes in cigarette prices than whites. Only one study examined other state-level tobacco policies. The findings from that study implied that adolescent white male smoking was responsive to changes in smoke-free air laws, while adolescent black smoking was responsive to changes in youth access laws.
While much has been learned from prior econometric studies on racial and ethnic smoking in the United States, the existing literature suffers from numerous limitations that should be addressed in future research. Additional research that focuses on races and ethnicities other than white, black and Hispanic is warranted. Furthermore, future studies should use more recent data, hold sentiment toward tobacco constant and control for a comprehensive set of tobacco policies that take into account not only the presence of the laws, but also the level of restrictiveness of each policy.
本文描述了美国不同种族和族裔的香烟使用模式，并讨论了州级烟草控制政策的变化。此外，本文回顾了现有的关于种族和族裔吸烟问题的计量经济学文献，并讨论了该研究的局限性。最后，本文概述了未来研究的议程。
美国不同种族和族裔的吸烟模式以及州级烟草控制政策的变化来自各种来源，包括调查、政府和私人文件及数据库。在完成广泛的文献搜索后，对现有研究进行了审查，并提出了急需的未来研究建议。
尽管某些种族和族裔少数群体承担了与烟草相关的总体健康负担中不成比例的份额，但只有少数计量经济学研究考察了州级公共政策对种族和族裔吸烟的影响。现有文献发现，西班牙裔和非裔美国人比白人对香烟价格变化更敏感。只有一项研究考察了其他州级烟草政策。该研究的结果表明，青少年白人男性吸烟对无烟空气法的变化有反应，而青少年黑人吸烟对青少年获取烟草法的变化有反应。
虽然从美国先前关于种族和族裔吸烟的计量经济学研究中学到了很多，但现有文献存在许多局限性，应在未来研究中加以解决。有必要开展更多关注白人、黑人和西班牙裔以外种族和族裔的研究。此外，未来的研究应使用更新的数据，保持对烟草的态度不变，并控制一系列全面的烟草政策，这些政策不仅要考虑法律的存在，还要考虑每项政策的限制程度。
