Kant A K, Graubard B I
Department of Family, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2005 Aug;29(8):950-6. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802980.
Recent reports suggest that dietary energy density may play a role in regulation of food intake. However, little is known about the energy density of diets consumed by free-living populations; therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine demographic, health, and nutritional correlates of energy density of self-reported diets.
Using data from the NHANES III (n=13 400), dietary energy density was defined three ways: (1) energy content (kJ/g) of all foods and beverages reported or ED1, (2) energy content (kJ/g) of all foods and energy yielding beverages or ED2, and (3) energy content (kJ/g) of all foods (no beverages) or ED3. Multiple linear or logistic regression methods were used to examine the association of energy density with intake of energy, nutrients, food groups, and body mass index (BMI). We computed the ratios of within- to between-person variance for the three energy density variables using the second recall obtained from the second exam subsample of NHANES III (n=1037).
The mean ED1, ED2, and ED3, respectively, were 3.84+/-0.02, 5.45+/-0.03, and 8.03+/-0.03. Dietary intakes of energy, fat, and low-nutrient-density foods were related positively, but amounts of micronutrients, fruit, and vegetables were related inversely with all types of energy density (P<0.0001). ED2 and ED3 were modest positive predictors of BMI in both men and women (P< or =0.03). The ratios of within- to between-person components of variance for ED1, ED2, and ED3 were 1.34, 2.05, and 1.53, respectively.
High-energy-density diets in the US were characterized by low fruit and vegetable intake, and high BMI.
近期报告表明饮食能量密度可能在食物摄入量调节中发挥作用。然而，对于自由生活人群所食用饮食的能量密度了解甚少；因此，本研究的目的是检验自我报告饮食能量密度的人口统计学、健康和营养相关性。
利用来自美国国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES III，n = 13400）的数据，饮食能量密度通过三种方式定义：（1）所报告的所有食物和饮料的能量含量（千焦/克）或ED1，（2）所有食物和产能量饮料的能量含量（千焦/克）或ED2，以及（3）所有食物（不包括饮料）的能量含量（千焦/克）或ED3。采用多元线性或逻辑回归方法检验能量密度与能量、营养素、食物组摄入量以及体重指数（BMI）之间的关联。我们使用从NHANES III的第二次检查子样本（n = 1037）获得的第二次回忆数据计算了三个能量密度变量的个体内方差与个体间方差的比率。
ED1、ED2和ED3的平均值分别为3.84±0.02、5.45±0.03和8.03±0.03。能量、脂肪和低营养密度食物的饮食摄入量呈正相关，但微量营养素、水果和蔬菜的量与所有类型的能量密度呈负相关（P < 0.0001）。ED2和ED3在男性和女性中都是BMI的适度正预测因子（P≤0.03）。ED1、ED2和ED3的个体内方差与个体间方差成分的比率分别为1.34、2.05和1.53。
美国高能量密度饮食的特点是水果和蔬菜摄入量低以及BMI高。
