Alter Thomas, Gaull Florian, Kasimir Sandra, Gürtler Michael, Fehlhaber Karsten
Institut für Lebensmittelhygiene, Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig.
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 2005 May-Jun;118(5-6):214-9.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the slaughter process on the Campylobacter (C.) coli prevalence on pig carcasses and finally pork. To detect C. spp., faecal samples, organ samples and surfaces of slaughter pigs were sampled. Additionally, various abattoir surfaces (n=208) and 227 pork and minced meat samples were included in our study. Whereas a high C. spp. prevalence (64.0%) was detectable in the faeces of slaughter pigs (all isolates were identified as C. coli), low detection rates were observed on pig carcasses after the slaughter process before the chilling period (21.1%). The impact of chilling reduced the detection rate of C spp. on pig carcasses even further to 0.8%. Only C. jejuni strains were isolated after the chilling process. Chilling and the associated drying of the skin are responsible for that massive reduction of C. spp prevalence. Significantly more C. spp. were isolated from livers compared to the corresponding carcasses. Only 5 out of 208 swab samples from different surfaces of the abattoir were C. coli positive. Bacteriological investigation could not detect any C. spp. strains from pork and minced pork meat. The low detection rates at the end of the slaughter and processing line indicate that pork may only play a minor role in the transmission of C. coli infections to humans. By genotyping C. coli-isolates from selected animals we were able to demonstrate three possible ways of contamination of the slaughter carcass surface. Genetically highly related strains were detectable on carcass surfaces of consecutively slaughtered animals. Faecal isolates and isolates from the carcass surface showed occasional high similarities. C. coli-genotypes from tonsils and genotypes from the corresponding slaughter carcasses formed a close cluster.
本研究的目的是评估屠宰过程对猪胴体以及最终猪肉中结肠弯曲杆菌（C. coli）流行率的影响。为检测弯曲杆菌属（C. spp.），采集了屠宰猪的粪便样本、器官样本和体表样本。此外，我们的研究还纳入了各种屠宰场表面样本（n = 208）以及227份猪肉和碎肉样本。虽然在屠宰猪的粪便中可检测到较高的弯曲杆菌属流行率（64.0%）（所有分离株均鉴定为结肠弯曲杆菌），但在屠宰后冷却期之前的猪胴体上检测率较低（21.1%）。冷却的影响使弯曲杆菌属在猪胴体上的检测率进一步降至0.8%。冷却过程后仅分离出空肠弯曲杆菌菌株。冷却以及随之而来的猪皮干燥是弯曲杆菌属流行率大幅降低的原因。与相应胴体相比，从肝脏中分离出的弯曲杆菌属明显更多。在屠宰场不同表面的208份拭子样本中，只有5份结肠弯曲杆菌呈阳性。细菌学调查未从猪肉和碎猪肉中检测到任何弯曲杆菌属菌株。屠宰和加工生产线末端的低检测率表明，猪肉在结肠弯曲杆菌感染传播给人类的过程中可能只起次要作用。通过对选定动物的结肠弯曲杆菌分离株进行基因分型，我们能够证明屠宰胴体表面污染的三种可能途径。在连续屠宰动物的胴体表面可检测到基因高度相关的菌株。粪便分离株和胴体表面分离株偶尔显示出高度相似性。扁桃体的结肠弯曲杆菌基因型与相应屠宰胴体的基因型形成了一个紧密的聚类。
