Papa Linda, Hoelle Robyn, Idris Ahamed
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, 1329 SW 16th Street (Suite 2204), Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
Resuscitation. 2005 Jun;65(3):255-64. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2004.11.030.
In preparation for the World Congress on Drowning uniform reporting consensus document of drowning incidents we reviewed systematically the medical literature for the terms and definitions used to describe drowning incidents to assess the uniformity of these terms in the medical literature.
The search strategy included a literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Database from 1966 to April 2002, as well as a review of reference lists of identified studies and a hand search of relevant textbooks and reference works. Search terms used included drowning, near-drowning, submersion, immersion, suffocation, asphyxiation, water injuries, and aspiration. Any article with drowning as a primary focus and containing a definition of drowning was included. Study designs included experimental studies, observational studies, case control studies, reviews, letters, and editorials.
The search identified approximately 6000 articles. Of these 650 were reviewed and 43 articles addressing the definition of drowning were identified. We found a total of 33 different definitions to describe drowning incidents, 20 for drowning and 13 for near-drowning; along with another 13 related terms. There were at least 20 different outcome measures for drowning incidents reported.
A review of existing drowning literature demonstrates a lack of a standard definition of drowning and a lack of agreement on measures of outcome. This variability in definitions and outcomes makes it very difficult to assess and analyze studies both individually and as a whole and draw conclusions that will influence practice. These objective findings support the need for the drowning Utstein focus on one definition of drowning and validated measures of functional and neurological outcome.
为筹备世界溺水大会关于溺水事件的统一报告共识文件，我们系统回顾了医学文献中用于描述溺水事件的术语和定义，以评估这些术语在医学文献中的一致性。
检索策略包括对1966年至2002年4月期间的PubMed、MEDLINE和Cochrane数据库进行文献检索，以及对已识别研究的参考文献列表进行回顾，并手工检索相关教科书和参考著作。使用的检索词包括溺水、近乎溺水、淹没、浸没、窒息、窒息、水伤和吸入。任何以溺水为主要焦点且包含溺水定义的文章均被纳入。研究设计包括实验研究、观察性研究、病例对照研究、综述、信函和社论。
检索到约6000篇文章。其中650篇进行了综述，确定了43篇涉及溺水定义的文章。我们共发现33种不同的定义来描述溺水事件，20种用于溺水，13种用于近乎溺水；还有另外13个相关术语。报告的溺水事件至少有20种不同的结局测量方法。
对现有溺水文献的回顾表明，缺乏溺水的标准定义以及对结局测量方法缺乏共识。定义和结局的这种变异性使得无论是单独还是整体评估和分析研究以及得出影响实践的结论都非常困难。这些客观发现支持溺水Utstein需要专注于一种溺水定义以及经过验证的功能和神经学结局测量方法。
