Breindahl Niklas, Bitzer Kasper, Sørensen Oliver B, Wildenschild Alexander, Wolthers Signe A, Lindskou Tim, Steinmetz Jacob, Blomberg Stig N F, Christensen Helle C
Prehospital Center Region Zealand, Ringstedgade 61, 14th Floor, Naestved, 4700, Denmark.
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
BMC Med Res Methodol. 2025 Jan 30;25(1):28. doi: 10.1186/s12874-025-02483-8.
Effective interventions to reduce drowning incidents require accurate and reliable data for scientific analysis. However, the lack of high-quality evidence and the variability in drowning terminology, definitions, and outcomes present significant challenges in assessing studies to inform drowning guidelines. Many drowning reports use inappropriate classifications for drowning incidents, which significantly contributes to the underreporting of drowning. In particular, non-fatal drowning incidents are underreported because many countries do not routinely collect this data.
The Danish Drowning Cohort was established in 2016 to facilitate research to improve preventative, rescue, and treatment interventions to reduce the incidence, mortality, and morbidity of drowning. The Danish Drowning Cohort contains nationwide data on all fatal and non-fatal drowning incidents treated by the Danish Emergency Medical Services. Data are extracted from the Danish prehospital electronic medical record using a text-search algorithm (Danish Drowning Formula) and a manual validation process. The WHO definition of drowning, supported by the clarification statement for non-fatal drowning, is used as the case definition to identify drowning. All drowning patients are included, including unwitnessed incidents, non-conveyed patients, patients declared dead prehospital, or patients with obvious clinical signs of irreversible death. This method allows syndromic surveillance and monitors a nationwide cohort of fatal and non-fatal drowning incidents in near-real time to inform future prevention strategies. The Danish Drowning Cohort complies with the Utstein style for drowning reporting guidelines. The 30-day mortality is obtained through the Civil Personal Register to differentiate between fatal and non-fatal drowning incidents. In addition to prehospital data, new data linkages with other Danish registries via the patient's civil registration number will enable the examination of various additional factors associated with drowning risk.
The Danish Drowning Cohort contains nationwide prehospital data on all fatal and non-fatal drowning incidents treated by the Danish Emergency Medical Service. It is a basis for all research on drowning in Denmark and may improve preventative, rescue, and treatment interventions to reduce the incidence, mortality, and morbidity of drowning.
有效的溺水事件干预措施需要准确可靠的数据用于科学分析。然而，缺乏高质量证据以及溺水术语、定义和结果的变异性，给评估研究以制定溺水指南带来了重大挑战。许多溺水报告对溺水事件使用了不恰当的分类，这极大地导致了溺水报告不足。特别是，非致命溺水事件报告不足，因为许多国家没有定期收集此类数据。
丹麦溺水队列于2016年建立，以促进研究，改善预防、救援和治疗干预措施，以降低溺水的发生率、死亡率和发病率。丹麦溺水队列包含丹麦紧急医疗服务部门处理的所有致命和非致命溺水事件的全国性数据。数据通过文本搜索算法（丹麦溺水公式）和人工验证过程从丹麦院前电子病历中提取。世界卫生组织的溺水定义，并得到非致命溺水澄清声明的支持，用作识别溺水的病例定义。所有溺水患者均包括在内，包括无人见证的事件、未转运的患者、院前宣布死亡的患者或有明显不可逆死亡临床体征的患者。这种方法允许进行症状监测，并近乎实时地监测全国范围内的致命和非致命溺水事件队列，以为未来的预防策略提供信息。丹麦溺水队列符合溺水报告指南的乌特斯坦风格。通过公民个人登记册获取30天死亡率，以区分致命和非致命溺水事件。除了院前数据外，通过患者的公民登记号码与丹麦其他登记处建立新的数据联系，将能够检查与溺水风险相关的各种其他因素。
丹麦溺水队列包含丹麦紧急医疗服务部门处理的所有致命和非致命溺水事件的全国院前数据。它是丹麦所有溺水研究的基础，可能会改善预防、救援和治疗干预措施，以降低溺水的发生率、死亡率和发病率。
