Gordon-Larsen Penny, Nelson Melissa C, Beam Kristen
University of North Carolina, Carolina Population Center, University Square, 123 West Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516-3997, USA.
Obes Res. 2005 May;13(5):868-75. doi: 10.1038/oby.2005.100.
To describe prevalence of active, public, and car transit by overweight status and amount of leisure-time physical activity in a nationally representative cohort of ethnically diverse young adults.
Questionnaire data on patterns of transportation were collected from U.S. adolescents enrolled in Wave III (2001) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N = 10,771). Measured height and weight data were used to calculate BMI and classify adults by overweight status (BMI > or = 25). Self-reported physical activity data were used to classify adults into those who achieved > or = 5 bouts of weekly moderate-vigorous physical activity and those who did not. Results were stratified by overweight and physical activity status.
The vast majority of young adults used car transit (work, 90.4%; school, 74.7%). A small proportion of young adults used active means of transportation to work (8.1%) and school (26.7%), and fewer used public transportation to work or school (<10%). The proportion of individuals using active transportation was higher among the nonoverweight traveling to work (9.2%) and school (29.7%) and among the more active traveling to work (15.2%) and school (37.0%) relative to the overweight and less active young adults.
The vast majority of young adults of all racial/ethnic backgrounds, particularly blacks and Hispanics, did not use active transportation to school and/or work. Active transportation was more common among nonoverweight and more active young adults, of high socioeconomic status, particularly full-time students. Population-level efforts (and environmental supports) to increase non-leisure physical activity, particularly active transportation, are sorely needed as a means of supporting and promoting overall physical activity.
在一个具有全国代表性的、种族多样的年轻成年人队列中，描述按超重状况和休闲时间身体活动量划分的主动出行、公共交通出行和汽车出行的流行情况。
从参与青少年健康全国纵向研究第三波（2001年）的美国青少年中收集关于交通方式的问卷数据（N = 10771）。测量的身高和体重数据用于计算体重指数（BMI），并根据超重状况（BMI≥25）对成年人进行分类。自我报告的身体活动数据用于将成年人分为每周进行≥5次中等强度至剧烈身体活动的人和未达到此标准的人。结果按超重和身体活动状况进行分层。
绝大多数年轻成年人使用汽车出行（上班，90.4%；上学，74.7%）。一小部分年轻成年人使用主动出行方式上班（8.1%）和上学（26.7%），使用公共交通上班或上学的人更少（<10%）。相对于超重和身体活动较少的年轻成年人，在非超重人群中，上班（9.2%）和上学（29.7%）时使用主动出行方式的比例更高，在身体活动较多的人群中，上班（15.2%）和上学（37.0%）时使用主动出行方式的比例更高。
所有种族/族裔背景的绝大多数年轻成年人，尤其是黑人和西班牙裔，没有使用主动出行方式上学和/或上班。主动出行在非超重、身体活动较多、社会经济地位较高的年轻成年人中更为常见，尤其是全日制学生。迫切需要在人群层面做出努力（以及提供环境支持）来增加非休闲身体活动，特别是主动出行，以此作为支持和促进总体身体活动的一种方式。
