Kishore R R
Indian Society for Health Laws and Ethics, D-II/145 Kidwai Nagar (West), New Delhi-110023, India.
J Med Ethics. 2005 Jun;31(6):362-5. doi: 10.1136/jme.2004.009621.
Despite stringent and fine tuned laws most jurisdictions are not able to curb organ trafficking. Nor are they able to provide organs to the needy. There are reports of the kidnapping and murder of children and adults to "harvest" their organs. Millions of people are suffering, not because the organs are not available but because "morality" does not allow them to have access to the organs. Arguments against organ sale are grounded in two broad considerations: (1) sale is contrary to human dignity, and (2) sale violates equity. Both these objections are examined in this article and it is concluded that they reflect a state of moral paternalism rather than pragmatism. It is argued that a live human body constitutes a vital source of supply of organs and tissues and that the possibilities of its optimum utilisation should be explored. Commercialisation should be curbed not by depriving a needy person of his genuine requirements but by making the enforcement agencies efficient.
尽管有严格且经过微调的法律，但大多数司法管辖区仍无法遏制器官贩运。它们也无法为有需要的人提供器官。有报道称，儿童和成人被绑架和谋杀以“摘取”他们的器官。数以百万计的人正在遭受痛苦，不是因为没有器官，而是因为“道德”不允许他们获得器官。反对器官买卖的论点主要基于两个广泛的考虑因素：（1）买卖违背人类尊严，（2）买卖违反公平原则。本文将对这两个反对意见进行审视，并得出结论认为，它们反映的是一种道德家长主义状态，而非实用主义。有人认为，活体人体是器官和组织的重要供应来源，应该探索其最佳利用的可能性。遏制商业化不应通过剥夺有需要者的真正需求，而应通过提高执法机构的效率来实现。
