Alpinar-Şencan Zümrüt
Institute of Biomedical Ethics, University of Zurich, Pestalozzistrasse 24, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
Med Health Care Philos. 2016 Mar;19(1):21-31. doi: 10.1007/s11019-015-9623-z.
Referring to Kant's arguments addressing the moral relationship between our bodies and ourselves is quite common in contemporary debate about organ selling, although he does not provide us with any specific arguments related to this debate. It is widely argued that the most promising way to show the moral impermissibility of organ selling is to mount an argument on Kantian grounds. This paper asks whether it is possible to argue coherently against organ selling in a Kantian framework. It will be shown that by mounting the argument on Kantian grounds no compelling argument can be given against sale of organs, either because the arguments apply to donation of organs, too, or the arguments are not convincing for other independent reasons. In the first section, it will be argued that donation and selling are not distinguishable in a Kantian framework, since the concern about commodification of the body and its parts shall be raised by both actions. In the second section, some contemporary accounts inspired by Kant will be presented and discussed separately. It will be argued that the reasons for promoting organ donation while arguing against selling clash with each other in an unconvincing way.
在当代关于器官买卖的辩论中，提及康德关于我们的身体与自身之间道德关系的论点颇为常见，尽管他并未为我们提供与这场辩论相关的任何具体论点。人们普遍认为，表明器官买卖在道德上不可行的最有前景的方式是基于康德的观点进行论证。本文探讨在康德主义框架内是否有可能连贯地论证反对器官买卖。将表明，基于康德的观点进行论证，无法给出反对器官买卖的令人信服的论据，这要么是因为这些论据同样适用于器官捐赠，要么是因为这些论据出于其他独立原因而缺乏说服力。在第一部分，将论证在康德主义框架内，捐赠和买卖并无区别，因为这两种行为都会引发对身体及其部分商品化的担忧。在第二部分，将分别呈现并讨论一些受康德启发的当代观点。将论证在主张促进器官捐赠的同时反对器官买卖的理由以一种难以令人信服的方式相互冲突。
