贻贝记录了阿拉斯加威廉王子湾受油污染海岸线生物可利用多环芳烃的损失以及恢复到基线条件的情况。

Mussels document loss of bioavailable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the return to baseline conditions for oiled shorelines in Prince William Sound, Alaska.

作者信息

Page David S, Boehm Paul D, Brown John S, Neff Jerry M, Burns William A, Bence A Edward

机构信息

Department of Chemistry, Bowdoin College, 6600 College Station, Brunswick, ME 04011, USA.

出版信息

Mar Environ Res. 2005 Oct;60(4):422-36. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2005.01.002.

DOI:10.1016/j.marenvres.2005.01.002

PMID:15924992

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were measured in mussels (Mytilus trossulus) collected between 1990 and 2002 from 11 sites on the shores of Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska, that were heavily oiled by the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS). This study, utilizing the methods of the NOAA Status and Trends Mussel Watch Program, found that concentrations of PAH released from spill remnants have decreased dramatically with time and by 2002 were at or near the range of total PAH (TPAH) of 3-355 ng/g dry weight obtained for mussels from unoiled reference sites in PWS. Time-series TPAH data indicate a mean TPAH half-life in mussel tissues of 2.4 years with a range from 1.4 to 5.3, yielding an annual mean loss of bioaccumulated TPAH of 25%. The petroleum-derived TPAH fraction in mussel tissues has decreased with time, reflecting the decreasing release of EVOS residues in shoreline sediments. These results show that PAH from EVOS residues that remain buried in shoreline sediments after the early 1990s are in a form and at locations that have a low accessibility to mussels living in the intertidal zone.

摘要

对1990年至2002年间从阿拉斯加威廉王子湾（PWS）海岸11个地点采集的贻贝（Mytilus trossulus）中的多环芳烃（PAH）进行了测量，这些地点在1989年埃克森·瓦尔迪兹号油轮漏油事故（EVOS）中受到严重油污污染。本研究采用美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）状况与趋势贻贝监测计划的方法，发现泄漏残余物释放的PAH浓度随时间大幅下降，到2002年已达到或接近从PWS未受油污污染的参考地点采集的贻贝中获得的总PAH（TPAH）范围，即干重3 - 355纳克/克。时间序列TPAH数据表明，贻贝组织中TPAH的平均半衰期为2.4年，范围在1.4至5.3年之间，生物累积的TPAH年平均损失率为25%。贻贝组织中石油衍生的TPAH部分随时间减少，反映出海岸线沉积物中埃克森·瓦尔迪兹号漏油事故残留物的释放量在下降。这些结果表明，20世纪90年代初后仍埋在海岸线沉积物中的埃克森·瓦尔迪兹号漏油事故残留物中的PAH，其形态和位置使得潮间带生活的贻贝难以接触到。