Ireland Jane L, Boustead Rebecca, Ireland Carol A
Department of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Harrington Building, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancashire, UK.
J Adolesc. 2005 Jun;28(3):411-23. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2004.11.002. Epub 2005 Jan 18.
The current study explores the role of coping styles as a predictor of poor psychological health among adolescent offenders. It presents the first study to compare young and juvenile offenders. Two hundred and three male offenders took part: 108 young (18-21 years) and 95 juvenile (15-17 years) offenders. All completed the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and a revised version of the Coping Styles Questionnaire (CSQ-3). Young offenders reported using emotional, avoidant and detached coping styles more than juveniles. They also reported more overall psychological distress than juveniles, with a trend to report increased depression, anxiety and insomnia. For both young and juvenile offenders, emotional coping predicted increased psychological distress. This was consistent across different symptoms (i.e. somatic, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction and severe depression). For young offenders, rational coping predicted a decrease in overall distress and was found across all symptoms. For juveniles, although detached coping predicted a decrease in overall psychological distress, across symptoms it only predicted social dysfunction. Increased rational coping was also found to predict decreased depression for juveniles. The study highlights differences between young and juvenile offenders regarding coping styles and how this relates to psychological distress. It highlights the complexities of trying to understand the coping-health relationship in a prison setting and asks if such settings are increasing the potential for adolescents to over-use coping styles that may not be the most effective.
当前的研究探讨了应对方式作为青少年罪犯心理健康不佳预测因素的作用。它呈现了第一项比较青年和少年罪犯的研究。203名男性罪犯参与其中：108名青年（18 - 21岁）和95名少年（15 - 17岁）罪犯。所有人都完成了一般健康问卷（GHQ - 28）和应对方式问卷的修订版（CSQ - 3）。青年罪犯报告使用情绪、回避和超脱应对方式的频率高于少年罪犯。他们还报告比少年罪犯有更多的总体心理困扰，且有报告抑郁、焦虑和失眠增加的趋势。对于青年和少年罪犯而言，情绪应对都预示着心理困扰增加。这在不同症状（即躯体症状、焦虑和失眠、社会功能障碍以及重度抑郁）中都是一致的。对于青年罪犯，理性应对预示着总体困扰减少，且在所有症状中都有体现。对于少年罪犯，虽然超脱应对预示着总体心理困扰减少，但在各症状中它仅预示社会功能障碍。研究还发现增加理性应对能预示少年罪犯抑郁程度降低。该研究凸显了青年和少年罪犯在应对方式上的差异以及这与心理困扰的关系。它凸显了在监狱环境中试图理解应对与健康关系的复杂性，并提出这样的环境是否在增加青少年过度使用可能并非最有效应对方式的可能性。
