Stinson L, Ickes W
University of Texas, Arlington.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1992 May;62(5):787-97. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.62.5.787.
In unstructured interactions, male friends were found to be more accurate than male strangers in inferring each other's thoughts and feelings. Plausible reasons for this difference were that friends (a) interacted more and exchanged more information, (b) had more similar personalities and therefore more rapport with each other, and (c) had more detailed knowledge of each other's lives. Data confirmed that the friends did indeed interact more and were more similar in their sociability than the strangers; however, these differences did not account for the friends' greater empathic accuracy. Instead, this was primarily attributable to a difference in knowledge structures, namely, the friends' ability to accurately read their partners' thoughts and feelings about imagined events in another place or time.
在非结构化互动中，研究发现男性朋友在推断彼此的想法和感受方面比男性陌生人更准确。造成这种差异的合理原因是，朋友之间：（a）互动更多且交流的信息更多；（b）性格更相似，因此彼此之间更融洽；（c）对彼此的生活有更详细的了解。数据证实，朋友之间的互动确实比陌生人更多，在社交能力方面也更相似；然而，这些差异并不能解释朋友之间更强的共情准确性。相反，这主要归因于知识结构的差异，即朋友能够准确解读其伙伴对于在其他地点或时间想象事件的想法和感受的能力。
