Muchadeyi F C, Sibanda S, Kusina N T, Kusina J F, Makuza S M
Department of Animal Science, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167 Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2005 May;37(4):333-44. doi: 10.1007/s11250-005-5082-5.
The development of successful production strategies for poultry rearing depends on an accurate description of village chicken production systems. In Rushinga District of Zimbabwe, participatory rural appraisals (PRAs) followed by checklists and intensive case studies were carried out in three villages. The role of chickens in the livelihoods of households was evaluated. Flock dynamics were monitored monthly for 24 months. Women who were resident on the farm headed 19% of the households. A household comprised 4.8 +/- 2.5 members with arable land of approximately 2.6 ha. In addition to chickens, households grew maize, cotton and sunflower and kept large animals. Flocks ranging from 1 to 50 village chickens per household were reared under a scavenging system of management with suboptimal housing, inadequate feeding and poor health care. The use of ethno-veterinary medicine was common in treating sick chickens. The largest flock sizes were observed in the hot-wet season. Over 90% of an average of 5.4 entries/household per month were from hatched chicks. Mortality claimed an average of 80% of the total exits. Chicken production potential (CPP), which defined the proportion of chickens that could be utilized by a household, averaged 50%. Chicken production efficiency (CPE) was approximately 15% of the CPP. Egg consumption patterns were low and similar across seasons.
家禽养殖成功生产策略的制定取决于对乡村养鸡生产系统的准确描述。在津巴布韦的鲁欣加区，在三个村庄开展了参与式农村评估（PRA），随后进行了清单调查和深入案例研究。评估了鸡在家庭生计中的作用。对鸡群动态进行了为期24个月的每月监测。居住在农场的女性户主占家庭总数的19%。一个家庭平均有4.8±2.5名成员，拥有约2.6公顷的耕地。除了养鸡，家庭还种植玉米、棉花和向日葵，并饲养大型牲畜。每户饲养1至50只乡村鸡，采用粗放式管理系统，住房条件欠佳、饲料不足且医疗保健差。在治疗病鸡时，使用民族兽医药很常见。在炎热潮湿季节观察到鸡群规模最大。每月每户平均5.4只鸡的新增数量中，超过90%来自孵化出的雏鸡。死亡率平均占总出栏量的80%。鸡的生产潜力（CPP）定义为家庭可利用的鸡的比例，平均为50%。鸡的生产效率（CPE）约为CPP的15%。鸡蛋消费模式较低且各季节相似。
