Ewis Ashraf A, Zhelev Zhivko, Bakalova Rumiana, Fukuoka Satoshi, Shinohara Yasuo, Ishikawa Mitsuru, Baba Yoshinobu
Single-Molecule Bioanalysis Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Hayashi-cho 2217-14, Takamatsu City, Kagawa Prefecture, 761-0395 Japan.
Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2005 May;5(3):315-28. doi: 10.1586/14737159.5.3.315.
The fundamental strategy of the current postgenomic era or the era of functional genomics is to expand the scale of biologic research from studying single genes or proteins to studying all genes or proteins simultaneously using a systematic approach. As recently developed methods for obtaining genome-wide mRNA expression data, oligonucleotide and DNA microarrays are particularly powerful in the context of knowing the entire genome sequence and can provide a global view of changes in gene expression patterns in response to physiologic alterations or manipulation of transcriptional regulators. In biomedical research, such an approach will ultimately determine biologic behavior of both normal and diseased tissues, which may provide insights into disease mechanisms and identify novel markers and candidates for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic intervention. However, microarray technology is still in a continuous state of evolution and development, and it may take time to implement microarrays as a routine medical device. Many limitations exist and many challenges remain to be achieved to help inclusion of microarrays in clinical medicine. In this review, a brief history of microarrays in biomedical research is provided, including experimental overview, limitations, challenges and future developments.
当前后基因组时代或功能基因组学时代的基本策略是将生物学研究的规模从研究单个基因或蛋白质扩大到使用系统方法同时研究所有基因或蛋白质。作为最近开发的获取全基因组mRNA表达数据的方法，寡核苷酸和DNA微阵列在已知整个基因组序列的情况下特别强大，并且可以提供响应生理改变或转录调节因子操纵的基因表达模式变化的全局视图。在生物医学研究中，这种方法最终将确定正常组织和患病组织的生物学行为，这可能有助于深入了解疾病机制，并识别用于诊断、预后和治疗干预的新型标志物和候选物。然而，微阵列技术仍处于不断发展的状态，将微阵列作为常规医疗设备应用可能还需要时间。存在许多限制，并且要将微阵列纳入临床医学还面临许多挑战有待克服。在这篇综述中，提供了生物医学研究中微阵列的简要历史，包括实验概述、限制、挑战和未来发展。
