Bentley Brooke, De Jong Marla J, Moser Debra K, Peden Ann R
University of Kentucky, College of Nursing, Lexington, KY 40475, USA.
Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2005 Dec;4(4):331-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ejcnurse.2005.04.009. Epub 2005 Jun 2.
A low sodium diet is a cornerstone of nonpharmacologic therapy for heart failure patients. Although nonadherence is common, little is known about why heart failure patients fail to adhere to this diet.
The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of heart failure patients in following a low sodium diet.
We conducted a qualitative descriptive study with a convenience sample of 20 participants. Interviews were conducted and analyzed for themes. The data reflected three primary themes about nonadherence to the low sodium diet: lack of knowledge, interference with socialization, and lack of food selections. Participants expressed a need for details about low sodium food selection, food preparation, and rationale for the diet. Lack of knowledge also was manifested as diet confusion for participants who required additional dietary restrictions. Interference with socialization was manifested by patients' experiences with family conflict when family members ate high-sodium foods and difficulty eating out. The theme of lack of low sodium food selections was reflected by comments about limited food choices, and lack of palatability.
Researchers and clinicians need to consider patients' perceptions as they generate and evaluate interventions to increase adherence to a low sodium diet.
低钠饮食是心力衰竭患者非药物治疗的基石。尽管不依从情况很常见，但对于心力衰竭患者不坚持这种饮食的原因却知之甚少。
本研究的目的是探索心力衰竭患者遵循低钠饮食的体验。
我们对20名参与者的便利样本进行了定性描述性研究。进行访谈并分析主题。数据反映了关于不坚持低钠饮食的三个主要主题：知识缺乏、社交干扰和食物选择匮乏。参与者表示需要有关低钠食物选择、食物制备以及饮食原理的详细信息。知识缺乏还表现为需要额外饮食限制的参与者的饮食困惑。社交干扰表现为当家庭成员食用高钠食物时患者与家人发生冲突的经历以及外出就餐困难。食物选择匮乏这一主题体现在关于食物选择有限和缺乏适口性的评论中。
研究人员和临床医生在制定和评估旨在提高低钠饮食依从性的干预措施时，需要考虑患者的看法。
