Postgraduate Studies Program in Cardiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-002, Brazil.
Nursing School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90620-110, Brazil.
Nutrients. 2023 Apr 30;15(9):2159. doi: 10.3390/nu15092159.
There is sound evidence showing the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions in lowering blood pressure (BP); however, adherence is usually poor. Interventions to induce behavioral changes aim to improve the ability to read labels, choose foods, and eat low-sodium meals, reinforcing adherence to sodium restriction. In this randomized parallel-controlled trial, we assessed the effectiveness of an educational intervention using the Dietary Sodium Restriction Questionnaire (DSRQ) scores. A follow-up period of 6 months was conducted. Participants were randomized into (1) an educational intervention provided by a registered dietitian on individual visits and dietary planning; (2) a control group with the usual care and dietary recommendations. Patients underwent 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring, 12-h fasting blood tests, spot urine collection, and assessment using DSRQ. We randomized 120 participants (67.5% women and 68.3% Caucasians), and 25 participants were lost to follow-up. The 24-h sodium urinary excretion changed in the control (Δ -1610 mg/day; 95% confidence interval [CI] -1800 to -1410) and intervention groups (Δ -1670 mg/day; 95% CI -1800 to -1450) over time. There was no significant difference in the 24-h estimated sodium between groups. In hypertensive patients, DSRQ-based educational intervention is effective for improving the ability to detect and overcome obstacles to a low-sodium restriction diet but is as effective as dietary recommendations for lowering sodium.
有充分的证据表明非药物干预措施在降低血压方面的有效性；然而，患者的依从性通常较差。旨在改变行为的干预措施旨在提高阅读标签、选择食物和食用低钠餐的能力，从而加强对钠限制的依从性。在这项随机平行对照试验中，我们评估了使用膳食钠限制问卷（DSRQ）评分的教育干预措施的有效性。进行了为期 6 个月的随访。参与者随机分为（1）注册营养师进行的个体访视和饮食计划的教育干预；（2）接受常规护理和饮食建议的对照组。患者接受了 24 小时动态血压监测、12 小时禁食血液检查、随机尿液采集以及 DSRQ 评估。我们随机分配了 120 名参与者（67.5%为女性，68.3%为白种人），有 25 名参与者失访。对照组（Δ-1610mg/天；95%置信区间[CI]-1800 至-1410）和干预组（Δ-1670mg/天；95%CI-1800 至-1450）的 24 小时钠尿排泄随时间发生变化。两组间 24 小时估计钠量无显著差异。在高血压患者中，基于 DSRQ 的教育干预措施可有效提高发现和克服低盐限制饮食障碍的能力，但与饮食建议降低钠量的效果相同。
