Nielson Kristy A, Bryant Ted
Department of Psychology and the Integrative Neuroscience Research Center, Marquette University, USA.
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2005 Jul;84(1):42-8. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2005.03.004.
Emotional and arousing treatments given shortly after learning enhance delayed memory retrieval in animal and human studies. Positive affect and reward induced prior to a variety of cognitive tasks enhance performance, but their ability to affect memory consolidation has not been investigated before. Therefore, we investigated the effects of a small, non-contingent, intrinsic or extrinsic reward on delayed memory retrieval. Participants (n=108) studied and recalled a list of 30 affectively neutral, imageable nouns. Experimental groups were then given either an intrinsic reward (e.g., praise) or an extrinsic reward (e.g., US 1 dollar). After a one-week delay, participants' retrieval performance for the word list was significantly better in the extrinsic reward groups, whether the reward was expected or not, than in controls. Those who received the intrinsic reward performed somewhat better than controls, but the difference was not significant. Thus, at least some forms of arousal and reward, even when semantically unrelated to the learned material, can effectively modulate memory consolidation. These types of treatments might be useful for the development of new memory intervention strategies.
在动物和人类研究中，学习后不久给予情感性和激发性的处理能够增强延迟记忆的提取。在各种认知任务之前诱导出的积极情感和奖励会提高表现，但它们对记忆巩固的影响此前尚未得到研究。因此，我们研究了一种小的、非偶然的、内在或外在奖励对延迟记忆提取的影响。参与者（n = 108）学习并回忆了一份包含30个情感中性、可想象的名词的列表。然后，实验组被给予内在奖励（例如表扬）或外在奖励（例如1美元）。经过一周的延迟后，无论奖励是否是预期的，外在奖励组中参与者对单词列表的提取表现都显著优于对照组。接受内在奖励的参与者表现比对照组稍好，但差异不显著。因此，至少某些形式的激发和奖励，即使在语义上与所学材料无关，也能有效调节记忆巩固。这些类型的处理可能有助于开发新的记忆干预策略。
