Coe F L, Parks J H, Webb D R
University of Chicago, Nephrology Section, Illinois.
Kidney Int. 1992 Jan;41(1):139-42. doi: 10.1038/ki.1992.18.
Milk and orange juice (OJ) fortified with calcium-citrate-malate (CCM; calcium-citrate-malate salt is a coined term to describe a trademarked calcium delivery system found only in Citrus Hill Plus Calcium) were evaluated for their potential to alter urine chemistries and crystallization during the course of an eleven week, crossover study. Six male and six female, non-stone-forming, idiopathic hypercalciuric adults consumed 600 mg per day as beverage calcium for four consecutive weeks. The results show that both milk and CCM-fortified OJ (CCM-OJ) were well tolerated by male and female hypercalciurics since few significant changes occurred in overall urinary chemistry profiles. CCM-OJ did, however, significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) increase urinary pH relative to milk in both sexes and urinary citrate concentration in women only. Both of these urinary parameters were significantly increased by CCM-OJ in both sexes relative to the basal period. The combined pH and citrate effects are recognized to protect against calcium oxalate stone formation through formation of the soluble calcium citrate salt. These data indicate that either milk or CCM-fortified orange juice can be consumed, at least within the limits tested, as a dietary source of calcium without increasing the risk of stone formation in a calcium-sensitive subpopulation. That the urine chemistries and crystallization of such calcium-sensitive individuals does not significantly change with the consumption of either beverage implies that the urine of normal individuals would be exceedingly unlikely to change as well.
在一项为期11周的交叉研究过程中，对添加了柠檬酸苹果酸钙（CCM；柠檬酸苹果酸盐是一个专门术语，用于描述仅在“新奇士加钙橙汁”中发现的一种商标钙输送系统）的牛奶和橙汁进行了评估，以确定它们改变尿液化学成分和结晶的可能性。六名男性和六名女性、无结石形成的特发性高钙尿症成年人连续四周每天摄入600毫克作为饮料钙。结果表明，牛奶和添加CCM的橙汁（CCM - OJ）在男性和女性高钙尿症患者中耐受性良好，因为总体尿液化学指标几乎没有显著变化。然而，CCM - OJ相对于牛奶，确实显著（P小于或等于0.05）提高了两性的尿液pH值，且仅提高了女性的尿液柠檬酸盐浓度。相对于基础期，CCM - OJ使两性的这两个尿液参数均显著增加。pH值和柠檬酸盐的综合作用被认为可通过形成可溶性柠檬酸钙盐来预防草酸钙结石的形成。这些数据表明，至少在所测试的限量范围内，牛奶或添加CCM的橙汁都可以作为钙的膳食来源食用，而不会增加钙敏感亚人群中结石形成的风险。此类钙敏感个体在饮用任何一种饮料后尿液化学成分和结晶情况均无显著变化，这意味着正常个体的尿液也极不可能发生变化。
