Mohammadi R, Ekman R, Svanström L, Gooya M M
Division of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Norrbacka, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
Public Health. 2005 Oct;119(10):919-24. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2005.01.012.
As elsewhere, unintentional injuries are a leading cause of death in Iran, but non-fatal injuries occurring in the home environment have not been analysed.
The primary purposes of this study were to describe the pattern of home-related injuries and to obtain incidence rates for their determinants in order to monitor intervention programmes for preventive purposes.
A surveillance system for home-related injuries in selected rural and urban areas was established for the systematic collection of data. The information obtained covers emergency department visits and health services provided between March 1998 and March 1999.
In total, 79,723 unintentional home-related injuries were reported, primarily burns (49%, incidence of 19/10,000 rural and 13/10,000 urban inhabitants) and lacerations/cuts caused by contact with sharp instruments (30%, incidence of 8.4/10,000 rural and 11/10,000 urban inhabitants). Injury rates were highest among children aged 0--4 years and lowest among the elderly (60 years or over). Rates varied between the sexes; among children under 15 years of age, most patients were male, but the opposite applied to all groups >15 years of age. Leading causes of death were burns, falls and poisoning among 628 people who died because of home-related injuries.
The injury pattern found in this study is generally similar to that of many other countries, with the striking exception of burns. Other reports focus on the same problem, particularly with regard to Iran. The prevention of burns should be an important feature of any national injury prevention programme. Due to the varied causes of home-related injuries in Iran, interventions should be targeted at people at the greatest risk, namely children. Home visitation as a tool for face-to-face training with a sharper focus on burns, falls and poisoning prevention can be recommended as a part of primary health care policy. Greater investment in surveillance also provides a way of reducing the threat of injury in the community.
与其他地方一样，意外伤害是伊朗主要的死亡原因之一，但尚未对发生在家庭环境中的非致命伤害进行分析。
本研究的主要目的是描述家庭相关伤害的模式，并获取其决定因素的发病率，以便监测预防干预项目。
在选定的农村和城市地区建立了家庭相关伤害监测系统，用于系统收集数据。所获信息涵盖1998年3月至1999年3月期间的急诊科就诊情况和提供的医疗服务。
共报告了79723起家庭相关意外伤害，主要是烧伤（49%，农村居民发病率为19/10000，城市居民发病率为13/10000）以及与锐器接触导致的撕裂伤/割伤（30%，农村居民发病率为8.4/10000，城市居民发病率为11/10000）。伤害发生率在0至4岁儿童中最高，在老年人（60岁及以上）中最低。不同性别之间发生率有所不同；在15岁以下儿童中，大多数患者为男性，但在所有15岁以上人群中情况则相反。在因家庭相关伤害死亡的628人中，主要死因是烧伤、跌倒和中毒。
本研究发现的伤害模式总体上与许多其他国家相似，但烧伤情况显著不同。其他报告也关注同样的问题，特别是关于伊朗的情况。烧伤预防应成为任何国家伤害预防项目的重要内容。由于伊朗家庭相关伤害的原因多种多样，干预措施应针对风险最大的人群，即儿童。家庭访视作为一种面对面培训工具，更侧重于预防烧伤、跌倒和中毒，可作为初级卫生保健政策的一部分予以推荐。加大对监测的投入也为减少社区伤害威胁提供了一种途径。
