J Exp Bot. 2005 Jul;56(417):1699-709. doi: 10.1093/jxb/eri212. Epub 2005 Jun 6.
Plants have a pivotal role in eco- and agricultural systems. Genomics is driving a rapid expansion of our understanding of how genes, individually and in networks, determine plant function. Technological developments in breeding and genomics are providing strategies to translate this knowledge into crop improvement. The possibilities range from improvement of existing crops and the systematic use of natural diversity through to the domestication of completely new species. As examples of possible goals, it is discussed how profiling of composition will integrate plant breeding and agronomic practice with emerging knowledge about nutrition and health, how improved and novel crops will contribute to the creation of new bio-based economies revolving around plant products, and how advances in our knowledge about plant-environment and plant-pathogen interactions will provide novel strategies to stabilize agricultural yield in a fluctuating environment and contribute to integrated approaches in which modern agriculture is carried out in concert with the environment. In addition, knowledge generated by plant science will be needed to monitor, understand, and cope with climate change and its impact on agriculture and ecosystems. Realization of these goals will require close interactions with related disciplines including agronomy and ecology. Further, it will be important to continue and deepen open support for research in the developing world.
植物在生态系统和农业系统中起着关键作用。基因组学正推动着我们对基因如何单独以及在网络中决定植物功能的理解迅速扩展。育种和基因组学方面的技术发展正在提供将这些知识转化为作物改良的策略。可能性范围从改良现有作物、系统利用自然多样性到驯化全新物种。作为可能目标的示例，本文讨论了成分分析如何将植物育种和农艺实践与关于营养和健康的新知识相结合，改良和新型作物将如何为围绕植物产品建立新的生物基经济做出贡献，以及我们对植物与环境和植物与病原体相互作用的认识进展将如何提供新策略以在波动的环境中稳定农业产量，并有助于实现现代农业与环境协同开展的综合方法。此外，监测、理解和应对气候变化及其对农业和生态系统的影响需要植物科学产生的知识。实现这些目标需要与包括农学和生态学在内的相关学科密切互动。此外，继续并深化对发展中世界研究的开放支持也很重要。
