Lewandowsky Stephan, Brown Gordon D A
School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
Memory. 2005 Apr-May;13(3-4):283-92. doi: 10.1080/09658210344000251.
According to temporal distinctiveness theories, items that are temporally isolated from their neighbours during presentation are more distinct and thus are recalled better. Event-based theories, which deny that elapsed time plays a role at encoding, explain isolation effects by assuming that temporal isolation provides extra time for rehearsal or consolidation of encoding. The two classes of theories can be differentiated by examining the symmetry of isolation effects: Event-based accounts predict that performance should be affected only by pauses following item presentation (because they allow time for rehearsal or consolidation), whereas distinctiveness predicts that items should also benefit from preceding pauses. The first experiment manipulated inter-item intervals and showed an effect of intervals following but not preceding presentation, in line with event-based accounts. The second experiment showed that the effect of following interval was abolished by articulatory suppression. The data are consistent with event-based theories but can be handled by time-based distinctiveness models if they allow for additional encoding during inter-item pauses.
根据时间独特性理论，在呈现过程中与相邻项目在时间上隔离的项目更加独特，因此回忆效果更好。基于事件的理论否认经过的时间在编码中起作用，通过假设时间隔离为编码的复述或巩固提供了额外时间来解释隔离效应。这两类理论可以通过检查隔离效应的对称性来区分：基于事件的解释预测，表现应该只受到项目呈现后的停顿的影响（因为它们允许有时间进行复述或巩固），而独特性理论预测项目也应该从前置停顿中受益。第一个实验操纵了项目间间隔，并显示出呈现后间隔的效应，而不是呈现前间隔的效应，这与基于事件的解释一致。第二个实验表明，发音抑制消除了后续间隔的效应。这些数据与基于事件的理论一致，但如果基于时间的独特性模型允许在项目间停顿期间进行额外编码，也可以对其进行处理。
