Peteranderl Sonja, Oberauer Klaus
University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Department for Education Sciences, ETH Zurich, Clausiusstr. 59, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland.
Mem Cognit. 2018 Jan;46(1):1-16. doi: 10.3758/s13421-017-0741-0.
This study investigated the effects of serial position and temporal distinctiveness on serial recall of simple visual stimuli. Participants observed lists of five colors presented at varying, unpredictably ordered interitem intervals, and their task was to reproduce the colors in their order of presentation by selecting colors on a continuous-response scale. To control for the possibility of verbal labeling, articulatory suppression was required in one of two experimental sessions. The predictions were derived through simulation from two computational models of serial recall: SIMPLE represents the class of temporal-distinctiveness models, whereas SOB-CS represents event-based models. According to temporal-distinctiveness models, items that are temporally isolated within a list are recalled more accurately than items that are temporally crowded. In contrast, event-based models assume that the time intervals between items do not affect recall performance per se, although free time following an item can improve memory for that item because of extended time for the encoding. The experimental and the simulated data were fit to an interference measurement model to measure the tendency to confuse items with other items nearby on the list-the locality constraint-in people as well as in the models. The continuous-reproduction performance showed a pronounced primacy effect with no recency, as well as some evidence for transpositions obeying the locality constraint. Though not entirely conclusive, this evidence favors event-based models over a role for temporal distinctiveness. There was also a strong detrimental effect of articulatory suppression, suggesting that verbal codes can be used to support serial-order memory of simple visual stimuli.
本研究调查了序列位置和时间独特性对简单视觉刺激序列回忆的影响。参与者观察以不同的、不可预测的项目间间隔呈现的五种颜色列表，他们的任务是通过在连续反应量表上选择颜色，按呈现顺序再现这些颜色。为了控制言语标记的可能性，在两个实验环节中的一个环节要求进行发音抑制。这些预测是通过对序列回忆的两个计算模型进行模拟得出的：SIMPLE代表时间独特性模型类别，而SOB-CS代表基于事件的模型。根据时间独特性模型，列表中在时间上孤立的项目比在时间上密集的项目回忆得更准确。相比之下，基于事件的模型假设项目之间的时间间隔本身不会影响回忆表现，尽管一个项目之后的空闲时间可以因为编码时间延长而提高对该项目的记忆。将实验数据和模拟数据拟合到一个干扰测量模型中，以测量人们以及模型中项目与列表中附近其他项目混淆的倾向——局部性限制。连续再现表现出明显的首因效应但无近因效应，以及一些换位遵循局部性限制的证据。尽管并非完全确凿，但这一证据支持基于事件的模型而非时间独特性的作用。发音抑制也有很强的不利影响，表明言语编码可用于支持简单视觉刺激的序列顺序记忆。
