Harling Richard, White Joanne M, Ramsay Mary E, Macsween Karen F, van den Bosch Corry
HPA-CDSC, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
Vaccine. 2005 Jul 1;23(31):4070-4. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.10.020.
In 1998/1999, an outbreak of mumps occurred among children of a religious community in North East London. A case control study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the mumps component of the MMR vaccine. One hundred and sixty-one cases of mumps were identified and 192 controls were selected. Fifty-one percent of cases and 77% of controls had a history at least one MMR vaccination. The observed effectiveness of any MMR vaccination adjusted for age, sex and general practice was 69% (95% CI: 41-84%). This is consistent with the results of other observational studies of mumps containing vaccines, but lower than the immunogenicity of mumps vaccines reported by clinical trials. This discrepancy is because observational studies tend to underestimate vaccine effectiveness, and because immunogenicity is not necessarily an accurate biological marker of vaccine effectiveness. Two doses of vaccine were more effective (88% (95% CI: 62-96%)) than a single dose (64% (95% CI: 40-78%)). The current two-dose vaccination programme remains the best method for controlling mumps infection in the community.
1998年至1999年期间，伦敦东北部一个宗教社区的儿童中爆发了腮腺炎疫情。开展了一项病例对照研究，以评估麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹（MMR）疫苗中腮腺炎成分的有效性。共确定了161例腮腺炎病例，并选取了192名对照。51%的病例和77%的对照至少接种过一剂MMR疫苗。经年龄、性别和全科医疗调整后，任何一剂MMR疫苗的观察到的有效性为69%（95%置信区间：41%-84%）。这与其他含腮腺炎疫苗的观察性研究结果一致，但低于临床试验报告的腮腺炎疫苗的免疫原性。这种差异是因为观察性研究往往会低估疫苗的有效性，也因为免疫原性不一定是疫苗有效性的准确生物学指标。两剂疫苗比单剂疫苗更有效（88%（95%置信区间：62%-96%）），单剂疫苗的有效性为64%（95%置信区间：40%-78%）。目前的两剂疫苗接种计划仍然是控制社区腮腺炎感染的最佳方法。
