Vila Marta, Vidal-Romaní Juan R, Björklund Mats
Department of Ecology and Evolution (Animal Ecology), Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2005 Aug;36(2):249-60. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2005.02.019. Epub 2005 Apr 8.
Evidence of four different Quaternary glacial stages has been found in NW Iberia. The different magnitude of these episodes probably conditioned the distribution of currently montane species. We examined if the population history of NW Iberian Erebia triaria butterflies reflected such an influence of different glacial stages. We also investigated whether these populations were post-glacially colonised from a single refugial area or several sources. For this, we performed phylogenetic analyses and coalescence simulations on mitochondrial DNA sequences of individuals from five NW Iberian locations. We analysed three additional populations as reference, i.e., Central Spain, the Pyrenees, and the Alps. One of the NW Iberian populations, a subspecies endemic to a particular mountain range (Xistral), showed a high level of genetic divergence from all other populations, regardless of their geographic distance. Isolation after an ancient glacial stage, and followed by allopatric differentiation, may account for such high differentiation. The genetic pattern shown by the rest of the NW Iberian population samples consisted of two lineages, likely reflecting that the ancestors of these populations sought for refuge in at least two different areas during a subsequent glacial stage. We showed evidence of both temporal and spatial divisions in the phylogeography of these butterflies. The congruence of this pattern with the geological history suggests that the Iberian Peninsula hosted several refugial areas that differed in area and location depending on the glacial stage.
在伊比利亚半岛西北部发现了四个不同第四纪冰期阶段的证据。这些冰期阶段的不同强度可能决定了当前山地物种的分布。我们研究了伊比利亚半岛西北部三角埃豹蛱蝶（Erebia triaria）种群历史是否反映了不同冰期阶段的这种影响。我们还调查了这些种群在冰期后是从单一避难区还是多个来源进行殖民的。为此，我们对来自伊比利亚半岛西北部五个地点的个体的线粒体DNA序列进行了系统发育分析和溯祖模拟。我们分析了另外三个种群作为参考，即西班牙中部、比利牛斯山脉和阿尔卑斯山。伊比利亚半岛西北部的一个种群，是一个特定山脉（希斯特拉尔）特有的亚种，与所有其他种群相比，显示出高度的遗传分化，无论它们的地理距离如何。在古代冰期阶段后的隔离，随后是异域分化，可能解释了这种高度分化。伊比利亚半岛西北部其余种群样本所显示的遗传模式由两个谱系组成，这可能反映出这些种群的祖先在随后的冰期阶段至少在两个不同地区寻求避难。我们展示了这些蝴蝶系统地理学中时间和空间划分的证据。这种模式与地质历史的一致性表明，伊比利亚半岛有几个避难区，其面积和位置根据冰期阶段而有所不同。
