Pauls Steffen U, Lumbsch H Thorsten, Haase Peter
Senckenberg -- Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Department of Limnology and Conservation Research, Clamecystrasse 12, 63571 Gelnhausen, Germany.
Mol Ecol. 2006 Jul;15(8):2153-69. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.02916.x.
We studied the genetic population structure and phylogeography of the montane caddisfly Drusus discolor across its entire range in central and southern Europe. The species is restricted to mountain regions and exhibits an insular distribution across the major mountain ranges. Mitochondrial sequence data (COI) of 254 individuals from the entire species range is analysed to reveal population genetic structure. The data show little molecular variation within populations and regions, but distinct genetic differentiation between mountain ranges. Most populations are significantly differentiated based on F(ST) and exact tests of population differentiation and most haplotypes are unique to a single mountain range. Phylogenetic analyses reveal deep divergence between geographically isolated lineages. Combined, these results suggest that past fragmentation is the prominent process structuring the populations across Europe. We use tests of selective neutrality and mismatch distributions, to study the demographic population history of regions with haplotype overlap. The high level of genetic differentiation between mountain ranges and estimates of demographic history provide evidence for the existence of multiple glacial refugia, including several in central Europe. The study shows that these aquatic organisms reacted differently to Pleistocene cooling than many terrestrial species. They persisted in numerous refugia over multiple glacial cycles, allowing many local endemic clades to form.
我们研究了山地毛翅目昆虫变色德鲁斯在欧洲中部和南部整个分布范围内的遗传种群结构和系统地理学。该物种局限于山区，在主要山脉间呈岛屿状分布。分析了来自整个物种分布范围的254个个体的线粒体序列数据（细胞色素氧化酶亚基I），以揭示种群遗传结构。数据显示种群和区域内分子变异很少，但山脉之间存在明显的遗传分化。基于F(ST)和种群分化的精确检验，大多数种群存在显著分化，且大多数单倍型仅存在于单个山脉。系统发育分析揭示了地理隔离谱系之间的深度分化。综合来看，这些结果表明过去的碎片化是塑造欧洲各地种群的主要过程。我们使用选择中性检验和失配分布来研究单倍型重叠区域的种群历史。山脉之间高水平的遗传分化和种群历史估计为多个冰期避难所的存在提供了证据，包括中欧的几个避难所。研究表明，这些水生生物对更新世变冷的反应与许多陆地物种不同。它们在多个冰期循环中在众多避难所中得以存续，从而形成了许多当地特有的进化枝。
