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全球和本地血统及其重要性：综述

Global and Local Ancestry and its Importance: A Review.

作者信息

Goli Rangasai Chandra, Chishi Kiyevi G, Ganguly Indrajit, Singh Sanjeev, Dixit S P, Rathi Pallavi, Diwakar Vikas, Sree C Chandana, Limbalkar Omkar Maharudra, Sukhija Nidhi, Kanaka K K

机构信息

ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.

ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.

出版信息

Curr Genomics. 2024;25(4):237-260. doi: 10.2174/0113892029298909240426094055. Epub 2024 May 9.

DOI:10.2174/0113892029298909240426094055
PMID:39156729
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11327809/
Abstract

The fastest way to significantly change the composition of a population is through admixture, an evolutionary mechanism. In animal breeding history, genetic admixture has provided both short-term and long-term advantages by utilizing the phenomenon of complementarity and heterosis in several traits and genetic diversity, respectively. The traditional method of admixture analysis by pedigree records has now been replaced greatly by genome-wide marker data that enables more precise estimations. Among these markers, SNPs have been the popular choice since they are cost-effective, not so laborious, and automation of genotyping is easy. Certain markers can suggest the possibility of a population's origin from a sample of DNA where the source individual is unknown or unwilling to disclose their lineage, which are called Ancestry-Informative Markers (AIMs). Revealing admixture level at the locus-specific level is termed as local ancestry and can be exploited to identify signs of recent selective response and can account for genetic drift. Considering the importance of genetic admixture and local ancestry, in this mini-review, both concepts are illustrated, encompassing basics, their estimation/identification methods, tools/software used and their applications.

摘要

显著改变种群组成的最快方法是通过混合这一进化机制。在动物育种史上，遗传混合分别利用了几个性状中的互补性和杂种优势现象以及遗传多样性，从而带来了短期和长期优势。传统的通过系谱记录进行混合分析的方法现在已被全基因组标记数据大大取代，全基因组标记数据能够进行更精确的估计。在这些标记中，单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）一直是受欢迎的选择，因为它们具有成本效益、不太费力，并且基因分型易于自动化。某些标记可以从DNA样本中推断出种群起源的可能性，而样本来源个体未知或不愿透露其谱系，这些标记被称为祖先信息标记（AIMs）。在基因座特异性水平上揭示混合水平被称为局部祖先，可以利用它来识别近期选择反应的迹象，并可以解释遗传漂变。考虑到遗传混合和局部祖先的重要性，在这篇小型综述中，阐述了这两个概念，包括基本原理、它们的估计/识别方法、使用的工具/软件及其应用。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/94f9/11327809/98b0c1bef470/CG-25-237_F4.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/94f9/11327809/0301288481f7/CG-25-237_F1.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/94f9/11327809/31eb70dfd6b8/CG-25-237_F2.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/94f9/11327809/6a4d92b78c4f/CG-25-237_F3.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/94f9/11327809/98b0c1bef470/CG-25-237_F4.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/94f9/11327809/0301288481f7/CG-25-237_F1.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/94f9/11327809/31eb70dfd6b8/CG-25-237_F2.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/94f9/11327809/6a4d92b78c4f/CG-25-237_F3.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/94f9/11327809/98b0c1bef470/CG-25-237_F4.jpg

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