Goodman David C
Pediatrics. 2005 Jul;116(1):e156-73. doi: 10.1542/peds.2005-0874. Epub 2005 Jun 15.
The effective and efficient delivery of children's health care depends on the pediatrician workforce. The number, composition, and distribution of pediatricians necessary to deliver this care have been the subject of long-standing policy and professional debate. This technical report reviews current characteristics and recent trends in the pediatric workforce and couples the workforce to a conceptual model of improvement in children's health and well-being. Important recent changes in the workforce include (1) the growth in the number of pediatricians in relation to the child population, (2) increased numbers of female pediatricians and their attainment of majority gender status in the specialty, (3) the persistence of a large number of international medical graduates entering training programs, (4) a lack of ethnic and racial diversity in pediatricians compared with children, and (5) the persistence of marked regional variation in pediatrician supply. Supply models projecting the pediatric workforce are reviewed and generally indicate that the number of pediatricians per child will increase by 50% over the next 20 years. The differing methods of assessing workforce requirements are presented and critiqued. The report finds that the pediatric workforce is undergoing fundamental changes that will have important effects on the professional lives of pediatricians and children's health care delivery.
儿童医疗保健的有效且高效提供依赖于儿科医生队伍。提供此类保健所需的儿科医生数量、构成及分布一直是长期政策和专业领域争论的主题。本技术报告回顾了儿科医生队伍的当前特征和近期趋势，并将该队伍与儿童健康和福祉改善的概念模型相结合。近期队伍中的重要变化包括：（1）儿科医生数量相对于儿童人口数量的增长；（2）女性儿科医生数量增加且在该专业中占多数性别地位；（3）大量国际医学毕业生持续进入培训项目；（4）与儿童相比，儿科医生在种族和民族上缺乏多样性；（5）儿科医生供应存在显著的地区差异。对预测儿科医生队伍的供应模型进行了回顾，总体表明未来20年每名儿童对应的儿科医生数量将增加50%。介绍并批评了评估队伍需求的不同方法。报告发现，儿科医生队伍正在经历根本性变化，这将对儿科医生的职业生涯和儿童医疗保健提供产生重要影响。
